Starch synthase polynucleotides and their use in the production of new starches

ABSTRACT

The invention provides isolated nucleic acids and their encoded proteins that are involved in starch biosynthesis. The invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells, transgenic plants, and antibody compositions. The present invention provides methods and compositions relating to altering the amount and/or morphology of starch in plants.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This divisional application claims priority under 35 USC 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/388,743 filed Sep. 2, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,886, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to plant molecular biology. More specifically, it relates to nucleic acids and methods for modulating their expression in plants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Starches are polymers of glucose molecules produced and stored only in the chloroplasts and amyloplasts of plants. Most of the starch produced in the world is used as food, but about one-third of the total production is employed for a variety of industrial purposes that take advantage of starch's unique properties. These properties (e.g. viscosity, gelatinization temperature) vary greatly with the plant source and affect the usefulness of the starch for food and nonfood products. (Sivak and Preiss, Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 41. Academic Press, 1998, p. 163.) The properties of a starch are determined by the structure of its constituent granules and the polymers from which the granules are formed. Molecular structure is, in turn, dependent largely upon the presence and activity of specific isozymes of starch synthase. Genes encoding the starch synthase enzymes are therefore of interest.

The presence or absence of specific starch synthase isozymes in tissues can have profound effects upon the nature of starch polymers and granules produced in plants, although the exact role of different synthase isozymes in defining the specificity of amylose, amylopectin and granule properties is still unclear. Recent research suggests that the contribution of a starch synthase isozyme is determined not only by intrinsic properties of the enzyme but also by interactions among various synthases, branching enzymes, and/or debranching enzymes. Thus, the genetic, environmental, and developmental backgrounds in which a particular starch synthase isozyme is expressed affect the role of that isozyme in dictating distinct features of starch. This implies that almost any manipulation of combinations of starch synthesizing enzymes may have surprising and potentially useful results. (Smith, A. M. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2:223-229 (1999)).

When a mutation affecting a particular starch biosynthetic enzyme results in changes in the appearance of a seed, the resulting changes in starch structure may be subtle: for example, a slight decrease in the average chain length of amylopectin or a small increase in the proportion of amylose to amylopectin. (Sivak and Preiss, supra, p. 29.) However, even small changes in the molecular structure of a starch may have significant effects on its industrial utility. Identification of enzymatic changes and of the consequent modification of starch will result in enhanced diversity of starch functionalities for industrial purposes.

Certain genes encoding starch synthases have been identified and cloned, and modifications of starch content using these genes have been attempted or accomplished. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,798; WO Publication No. 96/15248; WO Publication No. 97/45545; WO Publication No. 97/26362; and WO Publication No. 97/20936.

Starch synthase enzymes utilize ADPglucose and/or UDPglucose in a polymerization reaction. The glycosyl portion of the substrate is transferred to, in most cases, preexisting maltooligosaccharides or polymers of α-(1,4) or mixed α-(1,4) and α-(1,6) linkages. In other words, these enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of amylose [α-(1,4) polymer] and amylopectin [polymer of α-(1,4) branched with α-(1-4,6) linkages], the primary types of molecules occurring in starch granules.

Starch composition varies with species and tissue. Maize starch stored in the endosperm is typically composed of 28% amylose and 72% amylopectin. Amylose of maize starch has an average degree of polymerization (number-average; DP_(n)) of 960 and an average chain length (CL) of 305. Maize amylopectin, on the other hand, has a DP_(n) of 10.2×10³ and a CL of 22. (Morrison et al., “Starch” in Dey & Harborne, Methods in Plant Biochemistry (London, Academic Press, 1990), pp. 323-352).

The different structures of amylose and amylopectin confer distinctive properties to these polysaccharides. For example, the amylose fraction of starch will precipitate from an aqueous solution over time as the linear amylose molecules align themselves parallel to each other and become held together by hydrogen bond. This precipitation is known as retrogradation. Amylopectin, on the other hand, does not readily form intermolecular complexes and is more stable in aqueous solutions. However, the crystalline nature of starch is due to the presence of amylopectin and not to amylose. This is contrary to the general principle that branching in a molecule is detrimental to crystallization. (Sivak and Preiss, supra, pp. 20-22) Indeed, the chain length of amylopectin is a basic factor in the determination of the crystalline type of the starch. (Hizukuri, S., Carbohydrate Research 141, pp. 295-306 (1985)).

The ease of isolation of starch granules for food and industrial purposes is affected by starch composition. In each bushel of maize processed, roughly 2.2 to 3.4 pounds of starch are unrecoverable. This represents a 6% to 8% loss of potential starch yield. Thus, a need exists for improved yield of starch from maize grain; alteration of granule size and/or density could improve this processing yield.

Starches with unusual, desirable functional properties may be currently available only in small quantities, or in plants or plant parts not commonly processed. Therefore, a need exists to develop plants, especially cereals, potato, or cassava, capable of synthesizing unusual starch for use in specific food and non-food industrial applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide nucleic acids and polypeptides relating to the biosynthesis of starch.

It is another object of the present invention to provide nucleic acids and polypeptides that can be used to identify proteins involved in starch biosynthesis.

It is another object of the present invention to provide antigenic fragments of the polypeptides of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide transgenic plants comprising the nucleic acids of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for modulating, in a transgenic plant, the expression of the nucleic acids of the present invention.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for modulating the type and level of starch synthase in a plant.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for modulating the type and level of starch in a plant.

It is another object of the present invention to improve the industrial processing yield of starch from maize grain by altering starch granule size and/or density.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants, especially maize, wheat, sorghum, barley, millet, rice, potato, or cassava plants, capable of synthesizing unusual starch with desirable functional properties for use in specific food and non-food industrial applications.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered granule sizes.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered degrees of crystallinity.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered densities.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered digestibilities.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered levels of covalently bound phosphate.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered patterns of branching and/or average chain lengths.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered temperatures of gelatinization.

It is another object of the present invention to provide plants capable of synthesizing starch with altered degrees of polymerization and retrogradation.

Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid comprising a member selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26;

(b) a polynucleotide amplified from a Zea mays nucleic acid library using one or more primers selected from SEQ ID NOS: 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, and 28;

(c) a polynucleotide comprising at least 20 contiguous bases of SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, or 25;

(d) a polynucleotide encoding a starch synthase from Curcuma zedoaria, Maranta arundinacea, Canna edulis, Typha latifolia, or Tulipa fosteriana;

(e) a polynucleotide having at least 73% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, or 25, wherein the % sequence identity is based on the entire coding sequence and is determined by BLAST 2.0 using default parameters;

(f) a polynucleotide comprising at least 25 nucleotides in length which hybridizes under low stringency conditions to a polynucleotide having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, or 25, wherein the conditions include a wash in 0.1×SSC at 60° C.;

(g) a polynucleotide comprising the coding sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, or 25; and

(h) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide of (a) through (g).

Other aspects of the present invention include expression cassettes comprising the nucleic acid operably linked to a promoter, host cells transfected with the expression cassette, and transgenic plants and seeds comprising the expression cassette.

Also provided is an isolated protein comprising a member selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a polypeptide comprising at least 25 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26;

(b) a polypeptide which is a starch synthase protein from Curcuma zedoaria, Maranta arundinacea, Canna edulis, Typha latifolia, or Tulipa fosteriana;

(c) a polypeptide comprising at least 73% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26, wherein the % sequence identity is based on the entire sequence and is determined by BLAST 2.0 using default parameters;

(d) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid of claim 1; and

(e) a polypeptide characterized by SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method of modulating expression of the nucleic acids in a plant, comprising the steps of:

(a) transforming a plant cell with an expression cassette comprising a nucleic acid of the present invention operably linked to a promoter in sense or antisense orientation;

(b) growing the plant cell under plant growing conditions to produce a regenerated plant capable of expressing the nucleic acid for a time sufficient to modulate expression of the nucleic acids in the plant compared to a corresponding non-transformed plant.

Expression of the nucleic acids encoding the proteins of the present invention can be increased or decreased relative to a non-transformed control plant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The genes presently claimed encode starch synthases derived from plant species known to contain starch with unusual properties. Expression of these genes in other species, such as maize, wheat, sorghum, barley, millet, rice, potato, or cassava, is expected to modify the structure of starch polymers and granules in those species. The result will be improved industrial isolation of starch and the production of starch with novel functional properties currently unobtainable in agronomic crops.

Starch granules of Curcuma zedoaria have an unusual elongated morphology, are about 70μ in length and 14μ in thickness, and have a temperature of gelatinization of about 83° C. (Jane, J., et al., Starch 46:121-129 (1994); Reichert, E. T., The Differentiation and Specificity of Starches in Relation to Genera, Species, Etc. Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. (1913)). In contrast, maize granules have a round, polygonal form; range in size from about 2μ to 30μ, with an average diameter of 10μ (Swinkels, J. J. M. Starch 37:1-5 (1985)); and gelatinize at about 65° C.

Tulip starch contains approximately 27% amylose (Deatherage, W. L., et al. Trans. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem. 13:31-42 (1955)) and has a granule size of roughly 6μ to 50μ, with an average diameter of 35μ. Most notably, tulip starch has a gelatinization temperature of about 50° C., (Reichert, E. T., supra) and its amylopectin has a chain length longer than that of maize starch. Tulip starch also has a pattern of branching different from that of maize starch. (Hizukuri, S., supra).

Expression of the isolated starch synthase genes of the present application in plants, especially maize, wheat, sorghum, barley, millet, rice, potato, or cassava plants, could allow the production of starch with unique functional properties not currently available. For example, it is expected that expression of the present starch synthase genes in maize could:

(1) Lead to the biosynthesis of a population of starch granules that are, on average, larger than the granules which occur in normal maize. For example, the starch granules could range in size from 35μ to 100μ, from 40μ to 100μ, or from 50μ to 100μ.

(2) Lead to the biosynthesis of starch granules that have greater or lesser degrees of crystallinity and gelatinization temperatures and, in turn, elevated or reduced densities. Greater density could facilitate recovery of starch in wet milling, and increased gelatinization temperatures could allow the use of higher temperatures (i.e. reaction rates) in chemical modification of starch. Starch of decreased density or gelatinization temperature could be more digestible as a food material or in feedstuffs and could offer process efficiency in the conversion of intact granules into gelatinized granule fragments.

(3) Lead to the biosynthesis of starch granules that have a greater degree of crystallinity and display reduced digestibility. Such a starch could have application in low-calorie foods and/or sport drinks which help maintain lower, stable glycemic indices.

(4) Result in higher levels of covalently bound phosphate by way of a synergistic interaction with the native mechanism which normally allows only low levels of phosphorylation.

(5) Produce altered patterns of branching and modified average chain lengths in amylopectin which could produce starch that has a reduced temperature of gelatinization.

(6) Produce amylose of lower or higher degree of polymerization than in normal maize starch and lead to altered rates of retrogradation.

Definitions

The term “isolated” refers to material, such as a nucleic acid or a protein, which is: (1) substantially or essentially free from components which normally accompany or interact with it as found in its natural environment. The isolated material optionally comprises material not found with the material in its natural environment; or (2) if the material is in its natural environment, the material has been synthetically altered or synthetically produced by deliberate human intervention and/or placed at a different location within the cell. The synthetic alteration or creation of the material can be performed on the material within or apart from its natural state. For example, a naturally occurring nucleic acid becomes an isolated nucleic acid if it is altered or produced by non-natural, synthetic methods, or if it is transcribed from DNA which has been altered or produced by non-natural, synthetic methods. The isolated nucleic acid may also be produced by the synthetic re-arrangement (“shuffling”) of a part or parts of one or more allelic forms of the gene of interest. Likewise, a naturally-occurring nucleic acid (e.g., a promoter) becomes isolated if it is introduced to a different locus of the genome. Nucleic acids which are “isolated,” as defined herein, are also referred to as “heterologous” nucleic acids.

As used herein, “polypeptide” means proteins, protein fragments, modified proteins, amino acid sequences and synthetic amino acid sequences. The polypeptide can be glycosylated or not.

As used herein, “plant” includes but is not limited to plant cells, plant tissue and plant seeds.

As used herein, “promoter” includes reference to a region of DNA upstream from the start of transcription and involved in recognition and binding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription.

By “fragment” is intended a portion of the nucleotide sequence or a portion of the amino acid sequence and hence protein encoded thereby. Preferably fragments of a nucleotide sequence may encode protein fragments that retain the biological activity of the native nucleic acid. However, fragments of a nucleotide sequence which are useful as hybridization probes generally do not encode fragment proteins retaining biological activity. Fragments of a nucleotide sequence are generally greater than 10 nucleotides, preferably at least 20 nucleotides and up to the entire nucleotide sequence encoding the proteins of the invention. Generally probes are less than 1000 nucleotides and preferably less than 500 nucleotides. Fragments of the invention include antisense sequences used to decrease expression of the inventive nucleic acids. Such antisense fragments may vary in length ranging from at least about 20 nucleotides, about 50 nucleotides, about 100 nucleotides, up to and including the entire coding sequence.

By “variants” is intended substantially similar sequences. Generally, nucleic acid sequence variants of the invention will have at least 50%, 60%, 70%, or preferably 80%, more preferably at least 90% and most preferably at least 95% sequence identity to the native nucleotide sequence.

Generally, polypeptide sequence variants of the invention will have at least about 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or preferably at least about 90% and more preferably at least about 95% sequence identity to the native protein.

As used herein, “sequence identity” or “identity” in the context of two nucleic acid or polypeptide sequences includes reference to the residues in the two sequences that are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence over a specified comparison window. An indication that two peptide sequences are substantially identical is that one peptide is immunologically reactive with antibodies raised against the second peptide. A polypeptide is substantially identical to a second polypeptide, for example, where the two polypeptides differ only by a conservative substitution.

Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison are well-known in the art. For purposes of defining the present invention, the BLAST 2.0 suite of programs using default parameters is used. Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997). Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available, e.g., through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).

By “functional equivalent, variant, or derivative” is intended a sequence that produces a protein having substantially the same biological effect as the native protein of interest.

NUCLEIC ACIDS

The isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can be made using (a) standard recombinant methods, (b) synthetic techniques, or (c) combinations thereof.

The isolated nucleic acid may also be produced by the synthetic re-arrangement (“shuffling”) of a part or parts of one or more allelic forms of the gene of interest.

Sequence shuffling is described in PCT publication No. WO97/20078. See also, Zhang, J. H., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4504-4509 (1997).

In some embodiments, the polynucleotides of the present invention will be cloned, amplified, or otherwise constructed from a plant, including potato, cassava, maize, soybean, sunflower, canola, alfalfa, cotton, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, and lettuce. In preferred embodiments the plant is Curcuma zedoaria or other species of the genus Curcuma; Tulipa fosteriana or other species of the genus Tulipa; Maranta arundinacea or other species of the genus Maranta; Canna edulis or other species of the genus Canna; Typha latifolia or other species of the genus Typha. Source tissues for isolated polynucleotides are preferably starchy plant parts, including tuber, root, and rhizome.

Functional fragments included in the invention can be obtained using primers that selectively hybridize under stringent conditions. Primers are generally at least 12 bases in length and can be as high as 200 bases, but will generally be from 15 to 75, preferably from 15 to 50. Functional fragments can be identified using a variety of techniques such as restriction analysis, Southern analysis, primer extension analysis, and DNA sequence analysis.

The present invention includes a plurality of polynucleotides that encode for the identical amino acid sequence. The degeneracy of the genetic code allows for such “silent variations” which can be used, for example, to selectively hybridize and detect allelic variants of polynucleotides of the present invention. Additionally, the present invention includes isolated nucleic acids comprising allelic variants. The term “allele” as used herein refers to a related nucleic acid of the same gene.

Variants of nucleic acids included in the invention can be obtained, for example, by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, linker-scanning mutagenesis, mutagenesis using the polymerase chain reaction, and the like. See, for example, Ausubel, pages 8.0.3-8.5.9. Also, see generally, McPherson (ed.), DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS: A Practical approach, (IRL Press, 1991). Thus, the present invention also encompasses DNA molecules comprising nucleotide sequences that have substantial sequence similarity with the inventive sequences.

Variants included in the invention may contain individual substitutions, deletions or additions to the nucleic acid or polypeptide sequences. Such changes will alter, add or delete a single amino acid or a small percentage of amino acids in the encoded sequence. Variants are referred to as “conservatively modified variants” where the alteration results in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid. When the nucleic acid is prepared or altered synthetically, advantage can be taken of known codon preferences of the intended host.

The present invention also includes the use of 5′ and/or 3′ UTR regions for modulation of translation of heterologous coding sequences. Positive sequence motifs include translational initiation consensus sequences (Kozak, Nucleic Acids Res. 15:8125 (1987)) and the 7-methylguanosine cap structure (Drummond et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13:7375 (1985)). Negative elements include stable intramolecular 5′ UTR stem-loop structures (Muesing et al., Cell 48:691 (1987)) and AUG sequences or short open reading frames preceded by an appropriate AUG in the 5′ UTR (Kozak, supra, Rao et al., Mol. and Cell. Biol. 8:284 (1988)).

Further, the polypeptide-encoding segments of the polynucleotides of the present invention can be modified to alter codon usage. Altered codon usage can be employed to alter translational efficiency and/or to optimize the coding sequence for expression in a desired host or to optimize the codon usage in a heterologous sequence for expression in maize. Codon usage in the coding regions of the polynucleotides of the present invention can be analyzed statistically using commercially available software packages such as “Codon Preference” available from the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (see Devereaux et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 12:387-395 (1984)) or MacVector 4.1 (Eastman Kodak Co., New Haven, Conn.).

For example, the inventive nucleic acids can be optimized for enhanced expression in organisms of interest. See, for example, EPA0359472; WO91/16432; Perlak et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3324-3328 (1991); and Murray et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 17:477-498 (1989). In this manner, the genes can be synthesized utilizing species-preferred codons. See, for example, Murray et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 17:477-498 (1989), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention provides subsequences comprising isolated nucleic acids containing at least 16 contiguous bases of the inventive sequences. For example the isolated nucleic acid includes those comprising at least 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75 or 100 contiguous nucleotides of the inventive sequences. Subsequences of the isolated nucleic acid can be used to modulate or detect gene expression by introducing into the subsequences compounds which bind, intercalate, cleave and/or crosslink to nucleic acids.

The nucleic acids of the invention may conveniently comprise a multi-cloning site comprising one or more endonuclease restriction sites inserted into the nucleic acid to aid in isolation of the polynucleotide. Also, translatable sequences may be inserted to aid in the isolation of the translated polynucleotide of the present invention. For example, a hexa-histidine marker sequence provides a convenient means to purify the proteins of the present invention.

A polynucleotide of the present invention can be attached to a vector, adapter, promoter, transit peptide or linker for cloning and/or expression of a polynucleotide of the present invention. Additional sequences may be added to such cloning and/or expression sequences to optimize their function in cloning and/or expression, to aid in isolation of the polynucleotide, or to improve the introduction of the polynucleotide into a cell. Use of cloning vectors, expression vectors, adapters, and linkers is well known and extensively described in the art. For a description of such nucleic acids see, for example, Stratagene Cloning Systems, Catalogs 1995, 1996, 1997 (La Jolla, Calif.); and, Amersham Life Sciences, Inc, Catalog '97 (Arlington Heights, Ill.).

The isolated nucleic acid compositions of this invention, such as RNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, or a hybrid thereof, can be obtained from plant biological sources using any number of cloning methodologies known to those of skill in the art. In some embodiments, oligonucleotide probes that selectively hybridize, under stringent conditions, to the polynucleotides of the present invention are used to identify the desired sequence in a cDNA or genomic DNA library.

Exemplary total RNA and mRNA isolation protocols are described in Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Clark, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1997); and, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al., Eds., Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995). Total RNA and mRNA isolation kits are commercially available from vendors such as Stratagene (La Jolla, Calif.), Clonetech (Palo Alto, Calif.), Pharmacia (Piscataway, N.J.), and 5′-3′ (Paoli, Pa.). See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,614,391; and, 5,459,253.

Typical cDNA synthesis protocols are well known to the skilled artisan and are described in such standard references as: Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Clark, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1997); and, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al., Eds., Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995). cDNA synthesis kits are available from a variety of commercial vendors such as Stratagene or Pharmacia.

An exemplary method of constructing a greater than 95% pure full-length cDNA library is described by Carninci et al., Genomics 37:327-336 (1996). Other methods for producing full-length libraries are known in the art. See, e.g., Edery et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 15(6):3363-3371 (1995); and, PCT Application WO 96/34981.

It is often convenient to normalize a cDNA library to create a library in which each clone is more equally represented. A number of approaches to normalize cDNA libraries are known in the art. Construction of normalized libraries is described in Ko, Nucl. Acids. Res. 18(19):5705-5711 (1990); Patanjali et al.; Proc. Natl. Acad. USA 88:1943-1947 (1991); U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,482,685 and 5,637,685; and Soares et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:9228-9232 (1994).

Subtracted cDNA libraries are another means to increase the proportion of less abundant cDNA species. See Foote et al. in, Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Clark, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1997); Kho and Zarbl, Technique, 3(2):58-63 (1991); Sive and St. John, Nucl. Acids Res. 16(22):10937 (1988); Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al., Eds., Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); and, Swaroop et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 19(8):1954 (1991). cDNA subtraction kits are commercially available. See, e.g., PCR-Select (Clontech).

To construct genomic libraries, large segments of genomic DNA are generated by random fragmentation. Examples of appropriate molecular biological techniques and instructions are found in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Vols. 1-3 (1989), Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 152: Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques, Berger and Kimmel, Eds., San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. (1987), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al., Eds., Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Clark, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1997). Kits for construction of genomic libraries are also commercially available.

The cDNA or genomic library can be screened using a probe based upon the sequence of a nucleic acid of the present invention such as those disclosed herein. Probes may be used to hybridize with genomic DNA or cDNA sequences to isolate homologous genes in the same or different plant species. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that various degrees of stringency of hybridization can be employed in the assay; and either the hybridization or the wash medium can be stringent. The degree of stringency can be controlled by temperature, ionic strength, pH and the presence of a partially denaturing solvent such as formamide.

Typically, stringent hybridization conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is less than about 1.5 M Na ion, typically about 0.01 to 1.0 M Na ion concentration (or other salts) at pH 7.0 to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at least about 60° C. for long probes (e.g., greater than 50 nucleotides). Typically the hybridization will be conducted for about 4 to about 12 hours.

Preferably the hybridization is conducted under low stringency conditions which include hybridization with a buffer solution of 30% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at 37° C., and a wash in 1× to 2×SSC (20×SSC=3.0 M NaCl/0.3 M trisodium citrate) at 50° C. More preferably the hybridization is conducted under moderate stringency conditions which include hybridization in 40% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 0.5× to 1×SSC at 55° C. Most preferably the hybridization is conducted under high stringency conditions which include hybridization in 50% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 0.1×SSC at 60° C. Typically the hybridization will be conducted for about 4 to about 12 hours.

An extensive guide to the hybridization of nucleic acids is found in Tijssen, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology—Hybridization with Nucleic Acid Probes, Part I, Chapter 2 “Overview of principles of hybridization and the strategy of nucleic acid probe assays”, Elsevier, N.Y. (1993); and Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Chapter 2, Ausubel et al., Eds., Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995). Often, cDNA libraries will be normalized to increase the representation of relatively rare cDNAs.

The nucleic acids of the invention can be amplified from nucleic acid samples using amplification techniques. For instance, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology can be used to amplify the sequences of polynucleotides of the present invention and related genes directly from genomic DNA or cDNA libraries. PCR and other in vitro amplification methods may also be useful, for example, to clone nucleic acid sequences that code for proteins to be expressed, to make nucleic acids to use as probes for detecting the presence of the desired mRNA in samples, for nucleic acid sequencing, or for other purposes.

Examples of techniques useful for in vitro amplification methods are found in Berger, Sambrook, and Ausubel, as well as Mullis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,202 (1987); and, PCR Protocols A Guide to Methods and Applications, Innis et al., Eds., Academic Press Inc., San Diego, Calif. (1990). Commercially available kits for genomic PCR amplification are known in the art. See, e.g., Advantage-GC Genomic PCR Kit (Clontech). The T4 gene 32 protein (Boehringer Mannheim) can be used to improve yield of long PCR products.

PCR-based screening methods have also been described. Wilfinger et al. describe a PCR-based method in which the longest cDNA is identified in the first step so that incomplete clones can be eliminated from study. Bio Techniques, 22(3):481-486 (1997).

In one aspect of the invention, nucleic acids can be amplified from a plant nucleic acid library. The nucleic acid library may be a cDNA library, a genomic library, or a library generally constructed from nuclear transcripts at any stage of intron processing. Libraries can be made from a variety of plant tissues.

Alternatively, the sequences of the invention can be used to isolate corresponding sequences in other organisms, particularly other plants, more particularly, other monocots. In this manner, methods such as PCR, hybridization, and the like can be used to identify such sequences having substantial sequence similarity to the sequences of the invention. See, for example, Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y.). and Innis et al. (1990), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (Academic Press, New York). Coding sequences isolated based on their sequence identity to the entire inventive coding sequences set forth herein or to fragments thereof are encompassed by the present invention.

The isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can also be prepared by direct chemical synthesis by methods such as the phosphotriester method of Narang et al., Meth. Enzymol. 68:90-99 (1979); the phosphodiester method of Brown et al., Meth. Enzymol. 68:109-151 (1979); the diethylphosphoramidite method of Beaucage et al., Tetra. Lett. 22:1859-1862 (1981); the solid phase phosphoramidite triester method described by Beaucage and Caruthers, Tetra. Letts. 22(20):1859-1862 (1981), e.g., using an automated synthesizer, e.g., as described in Needham-VanDevanter et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 12:6159-6168 (1984); and, the solid support method of U.S. Pat. No. 4,458,066. Chemical synthesis generally produces a single stranded oligonucleotide. This may be converted into double stranded DNA by hybridization with a complementary sequence, or by polymerization with a DNA polymerase using the single strand as a template. One of skill will recognize that while chemical synthesis of DNA is limited to sequences of about 100 bases, longer sequences may be obtained by the ligation of shorter sequences.

Expression Cassettes

In another embodiment expression cassettes comprising isolated nucleic acids of the present invention are provided. An expression cassette will typically comprise a polynucleotide of the present invention operably linked to transcriptional initiation regulatory sequences which will direct the transcription of the polynucleotide in the intended host cell, such as tissues of a transformed plant.

The construction of expression cassettes that can be employed in conjunction with the present invention is well known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. See, e.g., Sambrook et al.; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; (1989); Gelvin et al.; Plant Molecular Biology Manual; (1990); Plant Biotechnology: Commercial Prospects and Problems, eds. Prakash et al.; Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.; New Delhi, India; (1993); and Heslot et al.; Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering of Yeasts; CRC Press, Inc., USA; (1992); each incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

For example, plant expression vectors may include (1) a cloned plant nucleic acid under the transcriptional control of 5′ and 3′ regulatory sequences and (2) a dominant selectable marker. Such plant expression vectors may also contain, if desired, a promoter regulatory region (e.g., one conferring inducible, constitutive, environmentally- or developmentally-regulated, or cell- or tissue-specific/selective expression), a transcription initiation start site, a ribosome binding site, an RNA processing signal, a transcription termination site, and/or a polyadenylation signal.

Constitutive, tissue-preferred or inducible promoters can be employed. Examples of constitutive promoters include the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcription initiation region, the 1′- or 2′-promoter derived from T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the ubiquitin 1 promoter, the Smas promoter, the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter (U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,439), the Nos promoter, the pEmu promoter, the rubisco promoter, the GRP1-8 promoter and other transcription initiation regions from various plant genes known to those of skill.

Examples of inducible promoters are the Adh1 promoter which is inducible by hypoxia or cold stress, the Hsp70 promoter which is inducible by heat stress, and the PPDK promoter which is inducible by light. Also useful are promoters which are chemically inducible.

Examples of promoters under developmental control include promoters that initiate transcription preferentially in certain tissues, such as leaves, roots, fruit, seeds, or flowers. An exemplary promoter is the anther specific promoter 5126 (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,689,049 and 5,689,051). Examples of seed-preferred promoters include, but are not limited to, 27 kD gamma zein promoter and waxy promote, Boronat, A., Martinez, M. C., Reina, M., Puigdomenech, P. and Palau, J.; Isolation and sequencing of a 28 kD glutelin-2 gene from maize: Common elements in the 5′ flanking regions among zein and glutelin genes; Plant Sci. 47, 95-102 (1986) and Reina, M., Ponte, I., Guillen, P., Boronat, A. and Palau, J., Sequence analysis of a genomic clone encoding a Zc2 protein from Zea mays W64 A, Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (21), 6426 (1990). See the following site relating to the waxy promoter: Kloesgen, R. B., Gierl, A., Schwarz-Sommer, Z S. and Saedler, H., Molecular analysis of the waxy locus of Zea mays, Mol. Gen. Genet. 203, 237-244 (1986). Promoters that express in the embryo, pericarp, and endosperm are disclosed in U.S. applications Ser. No. 60/097,233 filed Aug. 20, 1998 and U.S. Ser. No. 60/098,230 filed Aug. 28, 1998. The disclosures of each of these are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Either heterologous or non-heterologous (i.e., endogenous) promoters can be employed to direct expression of the nucleic acids of the present invention. These promoters can also be used, for example, in expression cassettes to drive expression of antisense nucleic acids to reduce, increase, or alter concentration and/or composition of the proteins of the present invention in a desired tissue.

If polypeptide expression is desired, it is generally desirable to include a polyadenylation region at the 3′-end of a polynucleotide coding region. The polyadenylation region can be derived from the natural gene, from a variety of other plant genes, or from T-DNA. The 3′ end sequence to be added can be derived from, for example, the nopaline synthase or octopine synthase genes, or alternatively from another plant gene, or less preferably from any other eukaryotic gene.

An intron sequence can be added to the 5′ untranslated region or the coding sequence of the partial coding sequence to increase the amount of the mature message that accumulates. See for example Buchman and Berg, Mol. Cell Biol. 8:4395-4405 (1988); Callis et al., Genes Dev. 1:1183-1200 (1987). Use of maize introns Adh1-S intron 1, 2, and 6, the Bronze-1 intron are known in the art. See generally, The Maize Handbook, Chapter 116, Freeling and Walbot, Eds., Springer, N.Y. (1994).

The vector comprising the sequences from a polynucleotide of the present invention will typically comprise a marker gene which confers a selectable phenotype on plant cells. Usually, the selectable marker gene will encode antibiotic or herbicide resistance. Suitable genes include those coding for resistance to the antibiotic spectinomycin or streptomycin (e.g., the aada gene), the streptomycin phosphotransferase (SPT) gene coding for streptomycin resistance, the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene encoding kanamycin or geneticin resistance, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene coding for hygromycin resistance.

Suitable genes coding for resistance to herbicides include those which act to inhibit the action of acetolactate synthase (ALS), in particular the sulfonylurea-type herbicides (e.g., the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene containing mutations leading to such resistance in particular the S4 and/or Hra mutations), those which act to inhibit action of glutamine synthase, such as phosphinothricin or basta (e.g., the bar gene), or other such genes known in the art. The bar gene encodes resistance to the herbicide basta and the ALS gene encodes resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron.

Typical vectors useful for expression of nucleic acids in higher plants are well known in the art and include vectors derived from the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens described by Rogers et al., Meth. In Enzymol. 153:253-277 (1987). Exemplary A. tumefaciens vectors useful herein are plasmids pKYLX6 and pKYLX7 of Schardl et al., Gene 61:1-11 (1987) and Berger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8402-8406 (1989). Another useful vector herein is plasmid pBl101.2 that is available from Clontech Laboratories, Inc. (Palo Alto, Calif.).

A variety of plant viruses that can be employed as vectors are known in the art and include cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), geminivirus, brome mosaic virus, and tobacco mosaic virus.

A polynucleotide of the present invention can be expressed in either sense or anti-sense orientation as desired. In plant cells, it has been shown that antisense RNA inhibits gene expression by preventing the accumulation of mRNA which encodes the enzyme of interest, see, e.g., Sheehy et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8805-8809 (1988); and Hiatt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,340.

Another method of suppression is sense suppression. Introduction of nucleic acid configured in the sense orientation has been shown to be an effective means by which to block the transcription of target genes. For an example of the use of this method to modulate expression of endogenous genes see, Napoli et al., The Plant Cell 2:279-289 (1990) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,323.

A method of down-regulation of the protein involves using PEST sequences that provide a target for degradation of the protein.

Catalytic RNA molecules or ribozymes can also be used to inhibit expression of plant genes. The inclusion of ribozyme sequences within antisense RNAs confers RNA-cleaving activity upon them, thereby increasing the activity of the constructs. The design and use of target RNA-specific ribozymes is described in Haseloff et al., Nature 334:585-591 (1988).

A variety of cross-linking agents, alkylating agents and radical generating species as pendant groups on polynucleotides of the present invention can be used to bind, label, detect, and/or cleave nucleic acids. For example, Vlassov, V. V., et al., Nucleic Acids Res (1986) 14:4065-4076, describe covalent bonding of a single-stranded DNA fragment with alkylating derivatives of nucleotides complementary to target sequences. A report of similar work by the same group is that by Knorre, D. G., et al., Biochimie (1985) 67:785-789. Iverson and Dervan also showed sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA mediated by incorporation of a modified nucleotide which was capable of activating cleavage (J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1987) 109:1241-1243). Meyer, R. B., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) 111:8517-8519, effect covalent crosslinking to a target nucleotide using an alkylating agent complementary to the single-stranded target nucleotide sequence. A photoactivated crosslinking to single-stranded oligonucleotides mediated by psoralen was disclosed by Lee, B. L., et al., Biochemistry (1988) 27:3197-3203. Use of crosslinking in triple-helix forming probes was also disclosed by Home et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1990) 112:2435-2437. Use of N4, N4-ethanocytosine as an alkylating agent to crosslink to single-stranded oligonucleotides has also been described by Webb and Matteucci, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1986) 108:2764-2765; Nucleic Acids Res. (1986) 14:7661-7674; Feteritz et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:4000 (1991). Various compounds to bind, detect, label, and/or cleave nucleic acids are known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,543,507; 5,672,593; 5,484,908; 5,256,648; and, 5,681941.

Protein

Proteins of the present invention include proteins derived from the native protein by deletion (so-called truncation), addition or substitution of one or more amino acids at one or more sites in the native protein. Such variants may result from, for example, genetic polymorphism or from human manipulation. Methods for such manipulations are generally known in the art.

For example, amino acid sequence variants of the polypeptide can be prepared by mutations in the cloned DNA sequence encoding the native protein of interest. Methods for mutagenesis and nucleotide sequence alterations are well known in the art. See, for example, Walker and Gaastra, eds. (1983) Techniques in Molecular Biology (MacMillan Publishing Company, New York); Kunkel (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:488-492; Kunkel et al. (1987) Methods Enzymol. 154:367-382; Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.); U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,192; and the references cited therein; herein incorporated by reference. Guidance as to appropriate amino acid substitutions that do not affect biological activity of the protein of interest may be found in the model of Dayhoff et al. (1978) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure (Natl. Biomed. Res. Found., Washington, D.C.), herein incorporated by reference. Conservative substitutions, such as exchanging one amino acid with another having similar properties, may be preferred.

In constructing variants of the proteins of interest, modifications to the nucleotide sequences encoding the variants will be made such that variants continue to possess the desired activity. Obviously, any mutations made in the DNA encoding the variant protein must not place the sequence out of reading frame and preferably will not create complementary regions that could produce secondary mRNA structure. See EP Patent Application Publication No. 0075444 B1.

The isolated proteins of the present invention include a polypeptide comprising at least 23 contiguous amino acids encoded by any one of the nucleic acids of the present invention, or polypeptides which are conservatively modified variants thereof. The proteins of the present invention or variants thereof can comprise any number of contiguous amino acid residues from a polypeptide of the present invention, wherein that number is selected from the group of integers consisting of from 23 to the number of residues in a full-length polypeptide of the present invention. Optionally, this subsequence of contiguous amino acids is at least 25, 30, 35, or 40 amino acids in length, often at least 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 amino acids in length.

The present invention includes catalytically active polypeptides (i.e., enzymes). Catalytically active polypeptides will generally have a specific activity of at least 20%, 30%, or 40%, and preferably at least 50%, 60%, or 70%, and most preferably at least 80%, 90%, or 95% that of the native (non-synthetic), endogenous polypeptide. Further, the substrate specificity (k_(cat)/K_(m)) is optionally substantially similar to the native (non-synthetic), endogenous polypeptide. Typically, k_(cat)/K_(m) will be at least 30%, 40%, or 50%, that of the native (non-synthetic), endogenous polypeptide; and more preferably at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Methods of assaying and quantifying measures of enzymatic activity and substrate specificity (k_(cat)/K_(m)), are well known to those of skill in the art.

The present invention includes modifications that can be made to an inventive protein without diminishing its biological activity. Some modifications may be made to facilitate the cloning, expression, or incorporation of the targeting molecule into a fusion protein. Such modifications are well known to those of skill in the art and include, for example, a methionine added at the amino terminus to provide an initiation site, or additional amino acids (e.g., poly His) placed on either terminus to create conveniently located restriction sites or termination codons or purification sequences.

A protein of the present invention can be expressed in a recombinantly engineered cell such as bacteria, yeast, insect, mammalian, or preferably plant cells. The cells produce the protein in a non-natural condition (e.g., in quantity, composition, location, and/or time), because they have been genetically altered through human intervention to do so.

Typically, an intermediate host cell will be used in the practice of this invention to increase the copy number of the cloning vector. With an increased copy number, the vector containing the nucleic acid of interest can be isolated in significant quantities for introduction into the desired plant cells.

Host cells that can be used in the practice of this invention include prokaryotes, including bacterial hosts such as Eschericia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Serratia marcescens. Eukaryotic hosts such as yeast or filamentous fungi may also be used in this invention. It is preferred to use plant promoters that do not cause expression of the polypeptide in bacteria.

Commonly used prokaryotic control sequences include promoters such as the beta lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose (lac) promoter systems (Chang et al., Nature 198:1056 (1977)), the tryptophan (trp) promoter system (Goeddel et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 8:4057 (1980)) and the lambda derived P L promoter and N-gene ribosome binding site (Shimatake et al., Nature 292:128 (1981)). The inclusion of selection markers in DNA vectors transfected in E. coli is also useful. Examples of such markers include genes specifying resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol.

The vector is selected to allow introduction into the appropriate host cell. Bacterial vectors are typically of plasmid or phage origin. Expression systems for expressing a protein of the present invention are available using Bacillus sp. and Salmonella (Palva et al., Gene 22:229-235 (1983); Mosbach et al., Nature 302:543-545 (1983)).

Synthesis of heterologous proteins in yeast is well known. See Sherman, F., et al., Methods in Yeast Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982). Two widely utilized yeast for production of eukaryotic proteins are Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Vectors, strains, and protocols for expression in Saccharomyces and Pichia are known in the art and available from commercial suppliers (e.g., Invitrogen). Suitable vectors usually have expression control sequences, such as promoters, including 3-phosphoglycerate kinase or alcohol oxidase, and an origin of replication, termination sequences and the like as desired.

A protein of the present invention, once expressed, can be isolated from yeast by lysing the cells and applying standard protein isolation techniques to the lysates. The monitoring of the purification process can be accomplished by using Western blot techniques or radioimmunoassay or other standard immunoassay techniques.

The proteins of the present invention can also be constructed using non-cellular synthetic methods. Solid phase synthesis of proteins of less than about 50 amino acids in length may be accomplished by attaching the C-terminal amino acid of the sequence to an insoluble support followed by sequential addition of the remaining amino acids in the sequence. Techniques for solid phase synthesis are described by Barany and Merrifield, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, pp. 3-284 in The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology. Vol. 2: Special Methods in Peptide Synthesis, Part A.; Merrifield et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85:2149-2156 (1963), and Stewart et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 2nd ed., Pierce Chem. Co., Rockford, Ill. (1984). Proteins of greater length may be synthesized by condensation of the amino and carboxy termini of shorter fragments. Methods of forming peptide bonds by activation of a carboxy terminal end (e.g., by the use of the coupling reagent N,N′-dicycylohexylcarbodiimide) is known to those of skill.

The proteins of this invention may be purified to substantial purity by standard techniques well known in the art, including detergent solubilization, selective precipitation with such substances as ammonium sulfate, column chromatography, immunopurification methods, and others. See, for instance, R. Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, Springer-Verlag: N.Y. (1982); Deutscher, Guide to Protein Purification, Academic Press (1990). For example, antibodies may be raised to the proteins as described herein. Purification from E. coli can be achieved following procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,503. Detection of the expressed protein is achieved by methods known in the art and include, for example, radioimmunoassays, Western blotting techniques or immunoprecipitation.

The present invention further provides a method for modulating (i.e., increasing or decreasing) the concentration or composition of the polypeptides of the present invention in a plant or part thereof. Modulation of the polypeptides can be effected by increasing or decreasing the concentration and/or the composition of the polypeptides in a plant. The method comprises transforming a plant cell with an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention to obtain a transformed plant cell, growing the transformed plant cell under plant forming conditions, and expressing the polynucleotide in the plant for a time sufficient to modulate concentration and/or composition of the polypeptides in the plant or plant part.

In some embodiments, the content and/or composition of polypeptides of the present invention in a plant may be modulated by altering, in vivo or in vitro, the promoter of a non-isolated gene of the present invention to up- or down-regulate gene expression. In some embodiments, the coding regions of native genes of the present invention can be altered via substitution, addition, insertion, or deletion to decrease activity of the encoded enzyme. See, e.g., Kmiec, U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,350; Zarling et al., PCT/US93/03868.

In some embodiments, an isolated nucleic acid (e.g., a vector) comprising a promoter sequence is transfected into a plant cell. Subsequently, a plant cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid is selected for by means known to those of skill in the art such as, but not limited to, Southern blot, DNA sequencing, or PCR analysis using primers specific to the promoter and to the nucleic acid and detecting amplicons produced therefrom. A plant or plant part altered or modified by the foregoing embodiments is grown under plant forming conditions for a time sufficient to modulate the concentration and/or composition of polypeptides of the present invention in the plant. Plant forming conditions are well known in the art.

In general, concentration of the polypeptides is increased or decreased by at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% relative to a native control plant, plant part, or cell lacking the aforementioned expression cassette. Modulation in the present invention may occur during and/or subsequent to growth of the plant to the desired stage of development.

Modulating nucleic acid expression temporally and/or in particular tissues can be controlled by employing the appropriate promoter operably linked to a polynucleotide of the present invention in, for example, sense or antisense orientation as discussed in greater detail above. Induction of expression of a polynucleotide of the present invention can also be controlled by exogenous administration of an effective amount of inducing compound. Inducible promoters and inducing compounds that activate expression from these promoters are well known in the art.

In preferred embodiments, the polypeptides of the present invention are modulated in monocots or dicots, preferably maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.

Means of detecting the proteins of the present invention are not critical aspects of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the proteins are detected and/or quantified using any of a number of well recognized immunological binding assays (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,366,241; 4,376,110; 4,517,288; and 4,837,168). For a review of the general immunoassays, see also Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 37: Antibodies in Cell Biology, Asai, Ed., Academic Press, Inc. New York (1993); Basic and Clinical Immunology 7th Edition, Stites & Terr, Eds. (1991). Moreover, the immunoassays of the present invention can be performed in any of several configurations, e.g., those reviewed in Enzyme Immunoassay, Maggio, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1980); Tijan, Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam (1985); Harlow and Lane, supra; Immunoassay: A Practical Guide, Chan, Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. (1987); Principles and Practice of Immunoassays, Price and Newman Eds., Stockton Press, N.Y. (1991); and Non-isotopic Immunoassays, Ngo, Ed., Plenum Press, N.Y. (1988).

Typical methods for detecting proteins include Western blot (immunoblot) analysis, analytic biochemical methods such as electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), hyperdiffusion chromatography, and the like, and various immunological methods such as fluid or gel precipitin reactions, immunodiffusion (single or double), immunoelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassays (RIAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), immunofluorescent assays, and the like.

Non-radioactive labels are often attached by indirect means. Generally, a ligand molecule (e.g., biotin) is covalently bound to the molecule. The ligand then binds to an anti-ligand (e.g., streptavidin) molecule that is either inherently detectable or covalently bound to a signal system, such as a detectable enzyme, a fluorescent compound, or a chemiluminescent compound. A number of ligands and anti-ligands can be used. Where a ligand has a natural anti-ligand, for example, biotin, thyroxine, and cortisol, it can be used in conjunction with the labeled, naturally occurring anti-ligands. Alternatively, any haptenic or antigenic compound can be used in combination with an antibody.

The molecules can also be conjugated directly to signal generating compounds, e.g., by conjugation with an enzyme or fluorophore. Enzymes of interest as labels will primarily be hydrolases, particularly phosphatases, esterases and glycosidases, or oxidoreductases, particularly peroxidases. Fluorescent compounds include fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbelliferone, etc. Chemiluminescent compounds include luciferin, and 2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, e.g., luminol. For a review of various labeling or signal producing systems which may be used, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,391,904, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Some assay formats do not require the use of labeled components. For instance, agglutination assays can be used to detect the presence of the target antibodies. In this case, antigen-coated particles are agglutinated by samples comprising the target antibodies. In this format, none of the components need be labeled and the presence of the target antibody is detected by simple visual inspection.

The proteins of the present invention can be used for identifying compounds that bind to (e.g., substrates), and/or increase or decrease (i.e., modulate) the enzymatic activity of catalytically-active polypeptides of the present invention. The method comprises contacting a polypeptide of the present invention with a compound whose ability to bind to or modulate enzyme activity is to be determined. The polypeptide employed will have at least 20%, preferably at least 30% or 40%, more preferably at least 50% or 60%, and most preferably at least 70% or 80% of the specific activity of the native, full-length polypeptide of the present invention (e.g., enzyme). Methods of measuring enzyme kinetics are well known in the art. See, e.g., Segel, Biochemical Calculations, 2^(nd) ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York (1976).

Antibodies can be raised to a protein of the present invention, including individual, allelic, strain, or species variants, and fragments thereof, both in their naturally occurring (full-length) forms and in recombinant forms. Additionally, antibodies are raised to these proteins in either their native configurations or in non-native configurations. Anti-idiotypic antibodies can also be generated. Many methods of making antibodies are known to persons of skill.

In some instances, it is desirable to prepare monoclonal antibodies from various mammalian hosts, such as mice, rodents, primates, humans, etc. Description of techniques for preparing such monoclonal antibodies are found in, e.g., Basic and Clinical Immunology, 4th ed., Stites et al., Eds., Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, Calif., and references cited therein; Harlow and Lane, Supra; Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y. (1986); and Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256:495-497 (1975).

Other suitable techniques involve selection of libraries of recombinant antibodies in phage or similar vectors (see, e.g., Huse et al., Science 246:1275-1281 (1989); and Ward et al., Nature 341:544-546 (1989); and Vaughan et al., Nature Biotechnology, 14:309-314 (1996)). Alternatively, high avidity human monoclonal antibodies can be obtained from transgenic mice comprising fragments of the unrearranged human heavy and light chain Ig loci (i.e., minilocus transgenic mice). Fishwild et al., Nature Biotech., 14:845-851 (1996). Also, recombinant immunoglobulins may be produced. See, Cabilly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Queen et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. 86:10029-10033 (1989).

The antibodies of this invention can be used for affinity chromatography in isolating proteins of the present invention, for screening expression libraries for particular expression products such as normal or abnormal protein or for raising anti-idiotypic antibodies which are useful for detecting or diagnosing various pathological conditions related to the presence of the respective antigens.

Frequently, the proteins and antibodies of the present invention will be labeled by joining, either covalently or non-covalently, a substance which provides for a detectable signal. A wide variety of labels and conjugation techniques are known and are reported extensively in both the scientific and patent literature. Suitable labels include radionucleotides, enzymes, substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, fluorescent moieties, chemiluminescent moieties, magnetic particles, and the like.

Transformation of Cells

The method of transformation/transfection is not critical to the invention; various methods of transformation or transfection are currently available. As newer methods are available to transform crops or other host cells they may be directly applied. Accordingly, a wide variety of methods have been developed to insert a DNA sequence into the genome of a host cell to obtain the transcription and/or translation of the sequence to effect phenotypic changes in the organism. Thus, any method that provides for efficient transformation/transfection may be employed.

A DNA sequence coding for the desired polynucleotide of the present invention, for example a cDNA, RNA or a genomic sequence, will be used to construct an expression cassette that can be introduced into the desired plant. Isolated nucleic acid acids of the present invention can be introduced into plants according to techniques known in the art. Generally, expression cassettes as described above and suitable for transformation of plant cells are prepared.

Techniques for transforming a wide variety of higher plant species are well known and described in the technical, scientific, and patent literature. See, for example, Weising et al., Ann. Rev. Genet 22:421-477 (1988). For example, the DNA construct may be introduced directly into the genomic DNA of the plant cell using techniques such as electroporation, PEG-mediated transfection, particle bombardment, silicon fiber delivery, or microinjection of plant cell protoplasts or embryogenic callus. See, e.g., Tomes et al., Direct DNA Transfer into Intact Plant Cells Via Microprojectile Bombardment. pp. 197-213 in Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Fundamental Methods. eds. O. L. Gamborg and G. C. Phillips. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg N.Y., 1995. Alternatively, the DNA constructs may be combined with suitable T-DNA flanking regions and introduced into a conventional Agrobacterium tumefaciens host vector. The virulence functions of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens host will direct the insertion of the construct and adjacent marker into the plant cell DNA when the cell is infected by the bacteria. See, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,616.

The introduction of DNA constructs using polyethylene glycol precipitation is described in Paszkowski et al., Embo J. 3:2717-2722 (1984). Electroporation techniques are described in Fromm et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:5824 (1985). Ballistic transformation techniques are described in Klein et al., Nature 327:70-73 (1987).

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-meditated transformation techniques are well described in the scientific literature. See, for example Horsch et al., Science 233:496-498 (1984), and Fraley et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80:4803 (1983). For instance, Agrobacterium transformation of maize is described in WO publication no. 98/32326.

Other methods of transfection or transformation include (1) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation (see, e.g., Lichtenstein and Fuller In: Genetic Engineering, vol. 6, P W J Rigby, Ed., London, Academic Press, 1987; and Lichtenstein, C. P., and Draper, J,. In: DNA Cloning, Vol. II, D. M. Glover, Ed., Oxford, IRI Press, 1985); Application PCT/US87/02512 (WO 88/02405 published Apr. 7, 1988) describes the use of A. rhizogenes strain A4 and its Ri plasmid along with A. tumefaciens vectors pARC8 or pARC16; (2) liposome-mediated DNA uptake (see, e.g., Freeman et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 25:1353, 1984); (3) the vortexing method (see, e.g., Kindle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1228, (1990).

DNA can also be introduced into plants by direct DNA transfer into pollen as described by Zhou et al., Methods in Enzymology, 101:433 (1983); D. Hess, Intern Rev. Cytol., 107:367 (1987); Luo et al., Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter, 6:165 (1988). Expression of polypeptide coding nucleic acids can be obtained by injection of the DNA into reproductive organs of a plant as described by Pena et al., Nature 325:274 (1987). DNA can also be injected directly into the cells of immature embryos and the rehydration of desiccated embryos as described by Neuhaus et al., Theor. Appl. Genet., 75:30 (1987); and Benbrook et al., in Proceedings Bio Expo 1986, Butterworth, Stoneham, Mass., pp. 27-54 (1986).

Animal and lower eukaryotic (e.g., yeast) host cells are competent or rendered competent for transfection by various means. There are several well-known methods of introducing DNA into animal cells. These include: calcium phosphate precipitation, fusion of the recipient cells with bacterial protoplasts containing the DNA, treatment of the recipient cells with liposomes containing the DNA, DEAE dextran, electroporation, biolistics, and micro-injection of the DNA directly into the cells. The transfected cells are cultured by means well known in the art. Kuchler, R. J., Biochemical Methods in Cell Culture and Virology, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc. (1977).

Transgenic Plant Regeneration

Transformed plant cells which are derived by any of the above transformation techniques can be cultured to regenerate a whole plant which possesses the transformed genotype. Such regeneration techniques often rely on manipulation of certain phytohormones in a tissue culture growth medium, typically relying on a biocide and/or herbicide marker which has been introduced together with a polynucleotide of the present invention. For transformation and regeneration of maize see, Gordon-Kamm et al., The Plant Cell, 2:603-618 (1990).

Plants cells transformed with a plant expression vector can be regenerated, e.g., from single cells, callus tissue or leaf discs according to standard plant tissue culture techniques. It is well known in the art that various cells, tissues, and organs from almost any plant can be successfully cultured to regenerate an entire plant. Plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts is described in Evans et al., Protoplasts Isolation and Culture, Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, pp. 124-176 (1983); and Binding, Regeneration of Plants, Plant Protoplasts, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 21-73 (1985).

The regeneration of plants containing the foreign gene introduced by Agrobacterium can be achieved as described by Horsch et al., Science, 227:1229-1231 (1985) and Fraley et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4803 (1983). This procedure typically produces shoots within two to four weeks and these transformant shoots are then transferred to an appropriate root-inducing medium containing the selective agent and an antibiotic to prevent bacterial growth. Transgenic plants of the present invention may be fertile or sterile.

Regeneration can also be obtained from plant callus, explants, organs, or parts thereof. Such regeneration techniques are described generally in Klee et al., Ann. Rev. of Plant Phys. 38:467-486 (1987). The regeneration of plants from either single plant protoplasts or various explants is well known in the art. See, for example, Methods for Plant Molecular Biology, A. Weissbach and H. Weissbach, eds., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif. (1988). For maize cell culture and regeneration see generally, The Maize Handbook, Freeling and Walbot, Eds., Springer, N.Y. (1994); Corn and Corn Improvement, 3^(rd) edition, Sprague and Dudley Eds., American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wis. (1988).

One of skill will recognize that after the expression cassette is stably incorporated in transgenic plants and confirmed to be operable, it can be introduced into other plants by sexual crossing. Any of a number of standard breeding techniques can be used, depending upon the species to be crossed.

In vegetatively propagated crops, mature transgenic plants can be propagated by the taking of cuttings or by tissue culture techniques to produce multiple identical plants. Selection of desirable transgenics is made and new varieties are obtained and propagated vegetatively for commercial use. In seed-propagated crops, mature transgenic plants can be self crossed to produce a homozygous inbred plant. The inbred plant produces seed containing the newly introduced heterologous nucleic acid. These seeds can be grown to produce plants that would produce the selected phenotype.

Parts obtained from the regenerated plant, such as flowers, seeds, leaves, branches, fruit, and the like are included in the invention, provided that these parts comprise cells comprising the isolated nucleic acid of the present invention. Progeny and variants, and mutants of the regenerated plants are also included within the scope of the invention, provided that these parts comprise the introduced nucleic acid sequences.

Transgenic plants expressing a selectable marker can be screened for transmission of the nucleic acid of the present invention by, for example, standard immunoblot and DNA detection techniques. Transgenic lines are also typically evaluated on levels of expression of the heterologous nucleic acid. Expression at the RNA level can be determined initially to identify and quantitate expression-positive plants. Standard techniques for RNA analysis can be employed and include PCR amplification assays using oligonucleotide primers designed to amplify only the heterologous RNA templates and solution hybridization assays using heterologous nucleic acid-specific probes. The RNA-positive plants can then be analyzed for protein expression by Western immunoblot analysis using the specifically reactive antibodies of the present invention. In addition, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry according to standard protocols can be done using heterologous nucleic acid specific polynucleotide probes and antibodies, respectively, to localize sites of expression within transgenic tissue. Generally, a number of transgenic lines are usually screened for the incorporated nucleic acid to identify and select plants with the most appropriate expression profiles.

A preferred embodiment is a transgenic plant that is homozygous for the added heterologous nucleic acid; i.e., a transgenic plant that contains two added nucleic acid sequences, one gene at the same locus on each chromosome of a chromosome pair. A homozygous transgenic plant can be obtained by sexually mating (selfing) a heterozygous transgenic plant that contains a single added heterologous nucleic acid, germinating some of the seed produced and analyzing the resulting plants produced for altered expression of a polynucleotide of the present invention relative to a control plant (i.e., native, non-transgenic). Back-crossing to a parental plant and out-crossing with a non-transgenic plant are also contemplated.

The present invention provides a method of genotyping a plant comprising a polynucleotide of the present invention. Genotyping provides a means of distinguishing homologs of a chromosome pair and can be used to differentiate segregants in a plant population. Molecular marker methods can be used for phylogenetic studies, characterizing genetic relationships among crop varieties, identifying crosses or somatic hybrids, localizing chromosomal segments affecting monogenic traits, map based cloning, and the study of quantitative inheritance. See, e.g., Plant Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Chapter 7, Clark, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1997). For molecular marker methods, see generally, The DNA Revolution by Andrew H. Paterson 1996 (Chapter 2) in: Genome Mapping in Plants (ed. Andrew H. Paterson) by Academic Press/R. G. Landis Company, Austin, Tex., pp.7-21.

The particular method of genotyping in the present invention may employ any number of molecular marker analytic techniques such as, but not limited to, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). RFLPs are the product of allelic differences between DNA restriction fragments caused by nucleotide sequence variability. Thus, the present invention further provides a means to follow segregation of a gene or nucleic acid of the present invention as well as chromosomal sequences genetically linked to these genes or nucleic acids using such techniques as RFLP analysis.

Plants that can be transformed in the method of the invention include monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Preferred plants include maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, and lettuce.

Seeds derived from plants regenerated from transformed plant cells, plant parts or plant tissues, or progeny derived from the regenerated transformed plants, may be used directly as feed or food, or further processing may occur.

The present invention will be further described by reference to the following detailed examples. It is understood, however, that there are many extensions, variations, and modifications on the basic theme of the present invention beyond that shown in the examples and description, which are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

EXAMPLES

Construction of cDNA Libraries

Total RNA is isolated from preferred plant tissues, such as roots, rhizomes, or tubers, with Promega's RNAgents (Promega, Madison, Wis.). In brief, tissue samples are pulverized in liquid nitrogen before the addition of a denaturing solution. Addition of a mixture of phenol and chloroform is followed by centrifugation to separate an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The total RNA is recovered by precipitation with isopropyl alcohol from the aqueous phase. Purification of mRNA is performed using the Pharmacia oligo(dT)-cellulose spun column system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden).

cDNA synthesis is performed and unidirectional cDNA libraries are constructed using products of Life Technologies Inc. (Rockville, Md.) and Stratagene (La Jolla, Calif.). The first strand of cDNA is synthesized with SuperScript™ II Reverse Transcriptase at 37° C. Second strand synthesis is carried out at 16° C. The cDNA fragments are purified using a sephacryl cDNA size fractionation column and ligated into an appropriate vector between EcoRI and XhoI restriction sites.

Sequencing of cDNA and Library Subtraction

Sequencing Template Preparation

Individual colonies are picked and DNA prepared either by PCR with M13 forward primers and M13 reverse primers, or by plasmid isolation. All the cDNA clones are sequenced using M13 reverse primers.

Q-bot Subtraction Procedure

cDNA libraries subjected to the subtraction procedure are plated out on 22×22 cm2 agar plate at density of about 3,000 colonies per plate. The plates are incubated in a 37° C. incubator for 12-24 hours. Colonies are picked into 384-well plates by a robot colony picker, Q-bot (GENETIX Limited). These plates are incubated overnight at 37° C.

Once sufficient colonies are picked, they are pinned onto 22×22 cm2 nylon membranes using Q-bot. Each membrane contains 9,216 colonies or 36,864 colonies. These membranes are placed onto agar plate with appropriate antibiotic. The plates are incubated at 37° C. overnight.

After colonies are recovered on the second day, these filters are placed on filter paper prewetted with denaturing solution for four minutes, then are incubated on top of a boiling water bath for additional four minutes. The filters are then placed on filter paper prewetted with neutralizing solution for four minutes. After excess solution is removed by placing the filters on dry filter papers for one minute, the colony side of the filters are placed into Proteinase K solution, incubated at 37° C. for 40-50 minutes. The filters are placed on dry filter papers to dry overnight. DNA is then cross-linked to nylon membrane by UV light treatment.

Colony hybridization is conducted as described by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T., (in Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition). The following probes are used in colony hybridization:

1. First strand cDNA from the same tissue as the library was made from to remove the most redundant clones.

2. 48-192 most redundant cDNA clones from the same library based on previous sequencing data.

3. 192 most redundant cDNA clones in the entire sequence database.

4. A Sal-A20 oligo nucleotide: TCG ACC CAC GCG TCC GAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA, removes clones containing a poly A tail but no cDNA.

5. cDNA clones derived from rRNA.

The image of the autoradiography is scanned into computer and the signal intensity and cold colony addresses of each colony is analyzed. Re-arraying of cold-colonies from 384 well plates to 96 well plates is conducted using Q-bot.

Identification of the Gene from a Computer Homology Search

Gene identities were determined by conducting BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410; see also www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) searches under default parameters for similarity to sequences contained in the BLAST “nr” database (comprising all non-redundant GenBank CDS translations, sequences derived from the 3-dimensional structure Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, the last major release of the SWISS-PROT protein sequence database, EMBL, and DDBJ databases). The cDNA sequences were analyzed for similarity to all publicly available DNA sequences contained in the “nr” database using the BLASTN algorithm. The DNA sequences were translated in all reading frames and compared for similarity to all publicly available protein sequences contained in the “nr” database using the BLASTX algorithm (Gish, W. and States, D. J. Nature Genetics 3:266-272 (1993)) provided by the NCBI. In some cases, the sequencing data from two or more clones containing overlapping segments of DNA were used to construct contiguous DNA sequences.

Preparation of Transgenic Plants

Bombardment

A general method of genetic transformation used to produce transgenic maize plants is by bombardment of embryogenically responsive immature embryos with tungsten particles associated with DNA plasmids, said plasmids consisting of a selectable and an unselectable marker gene.

Preparation of Tissue

Immature embryos of “High Type II” are the target for particle bombardment-mediated transformation. This genotype is the F₁ of two purebred genetic lines, parent A and parent B derived from A188×B73. Both parents are selected for high competence of somatic embryogenesis. See Armstrong et al., “Development and Availability of Germplasm with High Type II Culture Formation Response,” Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, Vol. 65, pp. 92 (1991); incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Ears from F₁ plants are selfed or sibbed, and embryos are aseptically dissected from developing caryopses when the scutellum first becomes opaque. The proper stage occurs about 9-13 days post-pollination, and most generally about 10 days post-pollination, and depends on growth conditions. The embryos are about 0.75 to 1.5 mm long. Ears are surface sterilized with 20-50% Clorox for 30 min, followed by 3 rinses with sterile distilled water.

Immature embryos are cultured, scutellum oriented upward, on embryogenic induction medium comprised of N6 basal salts (Chu et al., “Establishment of an Efficient Medium for Anther Culture of Rice Through Comparative Experiments on the Nitrogen Sources,” Scientia Sinica, (Peking), Vol. 18, pp. 659-668 (1975); incorporated herein in its entirety by reference; Eriksson vitamins (See Eriksson, T., “Studies on the Growth Requirements and Growth Measurements of Haplopappus gracilis,” Physiol. Plant, Vol. 18, pp. 976-993 (1965); incorporated herein in its entirety by reference), 0.5 mg/l thiamine HCl, 30 gm/l sucrose, 2.88 gm/l L-proline, 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 gm/l Gelrite, and 8.5 mg/l AgNO₃.

The medium is sterilized by autoclaving at 121° C. for 15 min and dispensed into 100×25 mm petri dishes. AgNO₃ is filter-sterilized and added to the medium after autoclaving. The tissues are cultured in complete darkness at 28° C. After about 3 to 7 days, generally about 4 days, the scutellum of the embryo has swelled to about double its original size and the protuberances at the coleorhizal surface of the scutellum indicate the inception of embryogenic tissue. Up to 100% of the embryos display this response, but most commonly, the embryogenic response frequency is about 80%.

When the embryogenic response is observed, the embryos are transferred to a medium comprised of induction medium modified to contain 120 gm/l sucrose. The embryos are oriented with the coleorhizal pole, the embryogenically responsive tissue, upwards from the culture medium. Ten embryos per petri dish are located in the center of a petri dish in an area about 2 cm in diameter. The embryos are maintained on this medium for 3-16 hr, preferably 4 hours, in complete darkness at 28° C. just prior to bombardment with particles associated with plasmid DNAs containing the selectable and unselectable marker genes.

To effect particle bombardment of embryos, the particle-DNA agglomerates are accelerated using a DuPont PDS-1000 particle acceleration device. The particle-DNA agglomeration is briefly sonicated and 10 μl are deposited on macrocarriers and the ethanol allowed to evaporate. The macrocarrier is accelerated onto a stainless-steel stopping screen by the rupture of a polymer diaphragm (rupture disk). Rupture is effected by pressurized helium. Depending on the rupture disk breaking pressure, the velocity of particle-DNA acceleration may be varied. Rupture disk pressures of 200 to 1800 psi are commonly used, with those of 650 to 1100 psi being more preferred, and about 900 psi being most highly preferred. Rupture disk breaking pressures are additive so multiple disks may be used to effect a range of rupture pressures.

Preferably, the shelf containing the plate with embryos is 5.1 cm below the bottom of the macrocarrier platform (shelf #3), but may be located at other distances. To effect particle bombardment of cultured immature embryos, a rupture disk and a macrocarrier with dried particle-DNA agglomerates are installed in the device. The He pressure delivered to the device is adjusted to 200 psi above the rupture disk breaking pressure. A petri dish with the target embryos is placed into the vacuum chamber and located in the projected path of accelerated particles. A vacuum is created in the chamber, preferably about 28 inches Hg. After operation of the device, the vacuum is released and the petri dish is removed.

Bombarded embryos remain on the osmotically adjusted medium during bombardment, and preferably for two days subsequently, although the embryos may remain on this medium for 1 to 4 days. The embryos are transferred to selection medium comprised of N6 basal salts, Eriksson vitamins, 0.5 mg/l thiamine HCl, 30 gm/l sucrose, 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 gm/l Gelrite, 0.85 mg/l AgNO₃ and 3 mg/l bialaphos. Bialaphos is added filter-sterilized. The embryos are subcultured to fresh selection medium at 10 to 14 day intervals. After about 7 weeks, embryogenic tissue, putatively transgenic for both selectable and unselectable marker genes, is seen to proliferate from about 7% of the bombarded embryos. Putative transgenic tissue is rescued, and that tissue derived from individual embryos is considered to be an event and is propagated independently on selection medium. Two cycles of clonal propagation are achieved by visual selection for the smallest contiguous fragments of organized embryogenic tissue.

For regeneration of transgenic plants, embryogenic tissue is subcultured to medium comprised of MS salts and vitamins (Murashige, T. and F. Skoog, “A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures,” Physiologia Plantarum 15:473-497 (1962), incorporated herein in its entirety by reference), 100 mg/l myo-inositol, 60 gm/l sucrose, 3 gm/l Gelrite, 0.5 mg/l zeatin, 1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid, 26.4 ng/l cis-trans-abscissic acid, and 3 mg/l bialaphos in 100×25 mm petri dishes and incubated in darkness at 28° C. until the development of well-formed, matured somatic embryos can be visualized. This requires about 14 days.

Well-formed somatic embryos are opaque and cream-colored, and are comprised of an identifiable scutellum and coleoptile. The embryos are individually subcultured to germination medium comprised of MS salts and vitamins, 100 mg/l myo-inositol, 40 gm/l sucrose and 1.5 gm/l Gelrite in 100×25 mm petri dishes and incubated under a 16 hr light: 8 hr dark photoperiod and 40μ Einsteinsm⁻²sect⁻¹ from cool-white fluorescent tubes. After about 7 days, the somatic embryos have germinated and produced a well-defined shoot and root. The individual plants are subcultured to germination medium in 125×25 mm glass tubes to allow further plant development. The plants are maintained under a 16 hr light: 8 hr dark photoperiod and 40μEinsteinsm⁻²sec⁻¹ from cool-white fluorescent tubes.

After about 7 days, the plants are well-established and are transplanted to horticultural soil, hardened off, and potted into commercial greenhouse soil mixture and grown to sexual maturity in a greenhouse. An elite inbred line is used as a male to pollinate regenerated transgenic plants.

Preparation of Particles

Fifteen mg of tungsten particles (General Electric), 0.5 to 1.8 μm, preferably 1 to 1.8 μm, and most preferably 1 μm, are added to 2 ml of concentrated nitric acid. This suspension is sonicated at 0° C. for 20 min (Branson Sonifier Model 450, 40% output, constant duty cycle). Tungsten particles are pelleted by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm (Biofuge) for 1 min and the supernatant is removed. Two ml of sterile distilled water are added to the pellet and sonicated briefly to resuspend the particles. The suspension is pelleted, 1 ml of absolute ethanol is added to the pellet and sonicated briefly to resuspend the particles. The particles are rinsed, pelleted, and resuspended a further 2 times with sterile distilled water, and finally the particles are resuspended in 2 ml of sterile distilled water. The particles are subdivided into 250 μl aliquots and stored frozen.

Preparation of Particle-Plasmid DNA Association

The stock of tungsten particles is sonicated briefly in a water bath sonicator (Branson Sonifier Model 450, 20% output, constant duty cycle) and 50 μl is transferred to a microfuge tube. Plasmid DNA is added to the particles for a final DNA amount of 0.1 to 10 μg in 10 μl total volume, and briefly sonicated. Preferably 1 μg total DNA is used. Specifically, 5 μl of PHP8001 (gz::HT12::gz) and 5 μl of PHP3528 (enhanced CAMV::Bar::PinII), at 0.1 μg/μl in TE buffer, are added to the particle suspension. Fifty μl of sterile aqueous 2.5 M CaCl₂ are added, and the mixture is briefly sonicated and vortexed. Twenty μl of sterile aqueous 0.1M spermidine are added and the mixture is briefly sonicated and vortexed. The mixture is incubated at room temperature for 20 min with intermittent brief sonication. The particle suspension is centrifuged, and the supernatant is removed. Two hundred fifty μl of absolute ethanol is added to the pellet and briefly sonicated. The suspension is pelleted, the supernatant is removed, and 60 μl of absolute ethanol is added. The suspension is sonicated briefly before loading the particle-DNA agglomeration onto macrocarriers.

Agrobacterium Co-Cultivation

Another method of transformation is by co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Agrobacterium is streaked out from a −80° frozen aliquot onto a plate containing PHI-L medium and cultured at 28° C. in the dark for 3 days. PHI-L media comprises 25 ml/l Stock Solution A, 25 ml/l Stock Solution B, 450.9 ml/l Stock Solution C and spectinomycin (Sigma Chemicals) added to a concentration of 50 mg/l in sterile ddH₂O (stock solution A: K₂HPO₄ 60.0 g/l, NaH₂PO₄ 20.0 g/l, adjust pH to 7.0 w/KOH and autoclave; stock solution B: NH₄Cl 20.0 g/l, MgSO₄.7H₂O6.0 g/l, KCl 3.0 g/l, CaCl₂ 0.20 g/l, FeSO₄.7H₂O 50.0 mg/l, autoclave; stock solution C: glucose 5.56 g/l, agar 16.67 g/l (#A-7049, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Mo.) and autoclave).

The plate can be stored at 4° C. and used usually for about 1 month. A single colony is picked from the master plate and streaked onto a plate containing PHI-M medium [yeast extract (Difco) 5.0 g/l; peptone (Difco)10.0 g/l; NaCl 5.0 g/l; agar (Difco) 15.0 g/l; pH 6.8, containing 50 mg/L spectinomycin] and incubated at 28° C. in the dark for 2 days. Five ml of either PHI-A, [CHU(N6) basal salts (Sigma C-1416) 4.0 g/l, Eriksson's vitamin mix (1000×, Sigma-1511) 1.0 ml/l; thiamine.HCl 0.5 mg/l (Sigma); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, Sigma) 1.5 mg/l; L-proline (Sigma) 0.69 g/l; sucrose (Mallinckrodt) 68.5 g/l; glucose (Mallinckrodt) 36.0 g/l; pH 5.2] for the PHI basic medium system, or PHI-I [MS salts (GIBCO BRL) 4.3 g/l; nicotinic acid (Sigma) 0.5 mg/l; pyridoxine.HCl (Sigma) 0.5 mg/l; thiamine.HCl 1.0 mg/l; myo-inositol (Sigma) 0.10 g/l; vitamin assay casamino acids (Difco Lab) 1.0 g/l; 2,4-D 1.5 mg/l; sucrose 68.50 g/l; glucose 36.0 g/l; adjust pH to 5.2 w/KOH and filter-sterilize] for the PHI combined medium system and 5 μl of 100 mM (3′-5′-Dimethoxy-4′-hydroxyacetophenone, Aldrich chemicals) are added to a 14 ml Falcon tube in a hood. About 3 full loops (5 mm loop size) Agrobacterium is collected from the plate and suspended in the tube, then the tube is vortexed to make an even suspension. One ml of the suspension is transferred to a spectrophotometer tube and the OD of the suspension adjusted to 0.72 at 550 nm by adding either more Agrobacterium or more of the same suspension medium, for an Agrobacterium concentration of approximately 0.5×10⁹ cfu/ml to 1×10⁹ cfu/ml. The final Agrobacterium suspension is aliquoted into 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes, each containing 1 ml of the suspension. The suspensions are then used as soon as possible.

Embryo Isolation, Infection and Co-Cultivation

About 2 ml of the same medium (here PHI-A or PHI-I) used for the Agrobacterium suspension are added into a 2 ml microcentrifuge tube. Immature embryos are isolated from a sterilized ear with a sterile spatula (Baxter Scientific Products S1565) and dropped directly into the medium in the tube. A total of about 100 embryos are placed in the tube. The optimal size of the embryos is about 1.0-1.2 mm. The cap is then closed on the tube and the tube vortexed with a Vortex Mixer (Baxter Scientific Products S8223-1) for 5 sec. at maximum speed. The medium is removed and 2 ml of fresh medium are added and the vortexing repeated. All of the medium is drawn off and 1 ml of Agrobacterium suspension is added to the embryos and the tube vortexed for 30 sec. The tube is allowed to stand for 5 min. in the hood. The suspension of Agrobacterium and embryos was poured into a Petri plate containing either PHI-B medium [CHU(N6) basal salts (Sigma C-1416) 4.0 g/l; Eriksson's vitamin mix (1000×, Sigma-1511) 1.0 ml/l; thiamine.HCl 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1.5 mg/l; L-proline 0.69 g/l; silver nitrate 0.85 mg/l; gelrite (Sigma) 3.0 g/l; sucrose 30.0 g/l; acetosyringone 100 μM; pH 5.8], for the PHI basic medium system, or PHI-J medium [MS Salts 4.3 g/l; nicotinic acid 0.50 mg/l; pyridoxine HCl 0.50 mg/l; thiamine.HCl 1.0 mg/l; myo-inositol 100.0 mg/l; 2,4-D 1.5 mg/l; sucrose 20.0 g/l; glucose 10.0 g/l; L-proline 0.70 g/l; MES (Sigma) 0.50 g/l; 8.0 g/l agar (Sigma A-7049, purified) and 100 μM acetosyringone with a final pH of 5.8 for the PHI combined medium system. Any embryos left in the tube are transferred to the plate using a sterile spatula. The Agrobacterium suspension is drawn off and the embryos placed axis side down on the media. The plate is sealed with Parafilm tape or Pylon Vegetative Combine Tape (product named “E.G.CUT” and is available in 18 mm×50 m sections; Kyowa Ltd., Japan) and incubated in the dark at 23-25° C. for about 3 days of co-cultivation.

Resting, Selection and Regeneration Steps

For the resting step, all of the embryos are transferred to a new plate containing PHI-C medium [CHU(N6) basal salts (Sigma C-1416) 4.0 g/l; Eriksson's vitamin mix (1000× Sigma-1511) 1.0 ml/l; thiamine.HCl 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1.5 mg/l; L-proline 0.69 g/l; sucrose 30.0 g/l; MES buffer (Sigma) 0.5 g/l; agar (Sigma A-7049, purified) 8.0 g/l; silver nitrate 0.85 mg/l; carbenicillin 100 mg/l; pH 5.8]. The plate is sealed with Parafilm or Pylon tape and incubated in the dark at 28° C. for 3-5 days.

Longer co-cultivation periods may compensate for the absence of a resting step since the resting step, like the co-cultivation step, provides a period of time for the embryo to be cultured in the absence of a selective agent. Those of ordinary skill in the art can readily test combinations of co-cultivation and resting times to optimize or improve the transformation frequency of other inbreds without undue experimentation.

For selection, all of the embryos are then transferred from the PHI-C medium to new plates containing PHI-D medium, as a selection medium, [CHU(N6) basal salts (SIGMA C-1416) 4.0 g/l; Eriksson's vitamin mix (1000×, Sigma-1511) 1.0 ml/l; thiamine.HCl 0.5 mg/l; 2.4-D 1.5 mg/l; L-proline 0.69 g/l; sucrose 30.0 g/l; MES buffer 0.5 g/l; agar (Sigma A-7049, purified) 8.0 g/l; silver nitrate 0.85 mg/l; carbenicillin (ICN, Costa Mesa, Calif.) 100 mg/l; bialaphos (Meiji Seika K. K., Tokyo, Japan) 1.5 mg/l for the first two weeks followed by 3 mg/l for the remainder of the time.; pH 5.8] putting about 20 embryos onto each plate. The plates are sealed as described above and incubated in the dark at 28° C. for the first two weeks of selection. The embryos are transferred to fresh selection medium at two-week intervals. The tissue is subcultured by transferring to fresh selection medium for a total of about 2 months. The herbicide-resistant calli are then “bulked up” by growing on the same medium for another two weeks until the diameter of the calli is about 1.5-2 cm.

For regeneration, the calli are then cultured on PHI-E medium [MS salts 4.3 g/l; myo-inositol 0.1 g/l; nicotinic acid 0.5 mg/l, thiamine.HCl 0.1 mg/l, Pyridoxine.HCl 0.5 mg/l, Glycine 2.0 mg/l, Zeatin 0.5 mg/l, sucrose 60.0 g/l, Agar (Sigma, A-7049) 8.0 g/l, Indoleacetic acid (IAA, Sigma) 1.0 mg/l, Abscisic acid (ABA, Sigma) 0.1 μM, Bialaphos 3 mg/l, carbenicillin 100 mg/l adjusted to pH 5.6] in the dark at 28° C. for 1-3 weeks to allow somatic embryos to mature. The calli are then cultured on PHI-F medium (MS salts 4.3 g/l; myo-inositol 0.1 g/l; Thiamine.HCl 0.1 mg/l, Pyridoxine.HCl 0.5 mg/l, Glycine 2.0 mg/l, nicotinic acid 0.5 mg/l; sucrose 40.0 g/l; gelrite 1.5 g/l; pH 5.6] at 25° C. under a daylight schedule of 16 hrs. light (270 uE m⁻²sec⁻¹) and 8 hrs. dark until shoots and roots develop. Each small plantlet is then transferred to a 25×150 mm tube containing PHI-F medium and grown under the same conditions for approximately another week. The plants are transplanted to pots with soil mixture in a greenhouse. GUS+ events are determined at the callus stage or regenerated plant stage.

For Hi-II a preferred optimized protocol was 0.5×10⁹ cfu/ml Agrobacterium (Table 6), a 3-5 day resting step (Example 5), and no AgNO₃ in the infection medium (PHI-A medium). The examples provide a variety of experiments that similarly teach those of ordinary skill in the art to optimize transformation frequencies for other maize lines.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while the invention has been described above in connection with particular embodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily so limited and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications and departures from the embodiments, examples and uses may be made without departing from the inventive scope of this application.

                   #             SEQUENCE LISTING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 28 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 2202 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (130)...(1974) <400> SEQUENCE: 1 cactcatcac ttccgctgca agccagagag agaaagagcg atcgagctcc gg #cggtgatt     60 cttcctcgca tctctgcttc tctctctctc tcctcctttg atcgaagaga tc #gccgtgag    120 ggtatcccc atg gcc atg cct tct gtg act gca tca # cac ttc att gct aaa    171           Met Ala Met Pro Ser  #Val Thr Ala Ser His Phe Ile Ala Lys            1        #        5           #         10 acc cca tgc tcc agc tac aat gga gct agt ga #t ttg gag ggt ttg gcc      219 Thr Pro Cys Ser Ser Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ser As #p Leu Glu Gly Leu Ala  15                  # 20                  # 25                  # 30 ttc caa atc aga agg atc cct tat ctg agt aa #c cat gcc agt act ttt      267 Phe Gln Ile Arg Arg Ile Pro Tyr Leu Ser As #n His Ala Ser Thr Phe                  35  #                 40  #                 45 gaa gga ctg aga tcg cgg aac caa atg aat tc #a cgt cca atg cag tgt      315 Glu Gly Leu Arg Ser Arg Asn Gln Met Asn Se #r Arg Pro Met Gln Cys              50      #             55      #             60 gca aag gca act act agg caa gtg agg aag gg #a atc caa cat gct agc      363 Ala Lys Ala Thr Thr Arg Gln Val Arg Lys Gl #y Ile Gln His Ala Ser          65          #         70          #         75 cga aga ccc tct gta atc tgt gca agt gga at #g aac ttg atc ttt gtt      411 Arg Arg Pro Ser Val Ile Cys Ala Ser Gly Me #t Asn Leu Ile Phe Val      80              #     85              #     90 gct gct gag gtg gct ccg tgg agt aaa act gg #a ggg ctt ggt gat gtt      459 Ala Ala Glu Val Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gl #y Gly Leu Gly Asp Val  95                  #100                  #105                  #110 ctt gga ggt ttg cca ccg gcc atg gcg gca aa #g gga cac agg gtg atg      507 Leu Gly Gly Leu Pro Pro Ala Met Ala Ala Ly #s Gly His Arg Val Met                 115   #               120   #               125 act ata gca ccg cga cat gac caa tac aaa ga #t gga tgg gat acg gct      555 Thr Ile Ala Pro Arg His Asp Gln Tyr Lys As #p Gly Trp Asp Thr Ala             130       #           135       #           140 gtc ttt gtc gag ttg aaa gtt ggt gat aga at #t gaa act gtt cgc ttt      603 Val Phe Val Glu Leu Lys Val Gly Asp Arg Il #e Glu Thr Val Arg Phe         145           #       150           #       155 ttc cac tgc tac aaa agg gga gtt gat cgg gt #g ttt gtg gat cac cct      651 Phe His Cys Tyr Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Va #l Phe Val Asp His Pro     160               #   165               #   170 ctc ttc ctt gag aag gtt tgg gga aaa act gg #a gga aag ata tat ggt      699 Leu Phe Leu Glu Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gl #y Gly Lys Ile Tyr Gly 175                 1 #80                 1 #85                 1 #90 cct gtc aca aga act gat tat gaa gac aac ca #g cta agg ttc tgt ctt      747 Pro Val Thr Arg Thr Asp Tyr Glu Asp Asn Gl #n Leu Arg Phe Cys Leu                 195   #               200   #               205 ctg tgt ttg gca act ctg gaa act cca agg gt #t ctg aat ccc aac aat      795 Leu Cys Leu Ala Thr Leu Glu Thr Pro Arg Va #l Leu Asn Pro Asn Asn             210       #           215       #           220 aac aaa tat cat tct gga cca aaa ggt gaa ga #t tta ttc att gct aac      843 Asn Lys Tyr His Ser Gly Pro Lys Gly Glu As #p Leu Phe Ile Ala Asn         225           #       230           #       235 gat tgg cat act gct cta tta cct tgc tat tt #a aag acc att gta tat      891 Asp Trp His Thr Ala Leu Leu Pro Cys Tyr Le #u Lys Thr Ile Val Tyr     240               #   245               #   250 caa gcc cat gga ata tac aaa aat gct aaa gt #t gct ttc tgc att cat      939 Gln Ala His Gly Ile Tyr Lys Asn Ala Lys Va #l Ala Phe Cys Ile His 255                 2 #60                 2 #65                 2 #70 aat att gcg tat cag gga cgg ttt gcc ttt ga #a gat ttt tcg cgt ctc      987 Asn Ile Ala Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Gl #u Asp Phe Ser Arg Leu                 275   #               280   #               285 aat ctc cct gat aca ttc aag tct tct ttt ga #t ttc atc gat ggc tat     1035 Asn Leu Pro Asp Thr Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe As #p Phe Ile Asp Gly Tyr             290       #           295       #           300 gca aaa cca ata aaa gga agg aaa atc aac tg #g atg aag gcg gga att     1083 Ala Lys Pro Ile Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Asn Tr #p Met Lys Ala Gly Ile         305           #       310           #       315 ata gaa tca gat cgt gca ttg act gtg agc cc #a tac tat gcc cag gaa     1131 Ile Glu Ser Asp Arg Ala Leu Thr Val Ser Pr #o Tyr Tyr Ala Gln Glu     320               #   325               #   330 ctc gtc tca gga atc gat aag ggc gtc gag tt #g gac aat ata ctg cgc     1179 Leu Val Ser Gly Ile Asp Lys Gly Val Glu Le #u Asp Asn Ile Leu Arg 335                 3 #40                 3 #45                 3 #50 ttg aaa acc atc tgt ggc atc ata aat gga at #g gac acc aac gag tgg     1227 Leu Lys Thr Ile Cys Gly Ile Ile Asn Gly Me #t Asp Thr Asn Glu Trp                 355   #               360   #               365 aat ccc tca aca gac aaa tac ata aca gca aa #t tac gac gca acc act     1275 Asn Pro Ser Thr Asp Lys Tyr Ile Thr Ala As #n Tyr Asp Ala Thr Thr             370       #           375       #           380 gta atg gag gca aag cca ctc aac aag gaa gc #t ttg caa gct gag gtt     1323 Val Met Glu Ala Lys Pro Leu Asn Lys Glu Al #a Leu Gln Ala Glu Val         385           #       390           #       395 gga ctg ccc gtc aac agt aaa atc cct gtg at #a gct ttc att ggc aga     1371 Gly Leu Pro Val Asn Ser Lys Ile Pro Val Il #e Ala Phe Ile Gly Arg     400               #   405               #   410 cta gaa gaa caa aag ggt tca gac att cta gc #t gaa gca att cca aag     1419 Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Al #a Glu Ala Ile Pro Lys 415                 4 #20                 4 #25                 4 #30 ttc ttc gat cag gat gtt caa gtg ata gtt ct #c ggt act ggt aaa aag     1467 Phe Phe Asp Gln Asp Val Gln Val Ile Val Le #u Gly Thr Gly Lys Lys                 435   #               440   #               445 aag tta gag cgc caa ctt gca ttg ctc gag ga #c gag ttc cca gac aaa     1515 Lys Leu Glu Arg Gln Leu Ala Leu Leu Glu As #p Glu Phe Pro Asp Lys             450       #           455       #           460 ttc aga gct cat atg aag ttc aat att cct tt #g gct cat gga atc atg     1563 Phe Arg Ala His Met Lys Phe Asn Ile Pro Le #u Ala His Gly Ile Met         465           #       470           #       475 gcg ggt gct gat atc ctt gtt att ccc agt ag #g ttc gaa cca tgc ggt     1611 Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile Leu Val Ile Pro Ser Ar #g Phe Glu Pro Cys Gly     480               #   485               #   490 ctc att cag ctc cag ggc atg aga tac gga ac #c cct tcc atg tgc acc     1659 Leu Ile Gln Leu Gln Gly Met Arg Tyr Gly Th #r Pro Ser Met Cys Thr 495                 5 #00                 5 #05                 5 #10 acg act ggt ggg ctc gtc gac act gtc aaa ga #a ggc atc aca ggt ttc     1707 Thr Thr Gly Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Val Lys Gl #u Gly Ile Thr Gly Phe                 515   #               520   #               525 cac atg ggt ccc ttc agt gtg gag tgc gac at #t gcc gac gag gcc gac     1755 His Met Gly Pro Phe Ser Val Glu Cys Asp Il #e Ala Asp Glu Ala Asp             530       #           535       #           540 gtg cta aag att gtg gaa gca gtg aag aga gc #c ctt atg gtt tat gga     1803 Val Leu Lys Ile Val Glu Ala Val Lys Arg Al #a Leu Met Val Tyr Gly         545           #       550           #       555 acg cct gct ttc gag gag atg ata cag aac tg #c atg gct caa gat ttc     1851 Thr Pro Ala Phe Glu Glu Met Ile Gln Asn Cy #s Met Ala Gln Asp Phe     560               #   565               #   570 tcc tgg aag ggg cca gca aag gaa tgg gag aa #g ttc ttg ctg agc ctt     1899 Ser Trp Lys Gly Pro Ala Lys Glu Trp Glu Ly #s Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu 575                 5 #80                 5 #85                 5 #90 ggg ctc gag ggt agt gaa gct gga att gaa gg #c gag gaa gta gct cct     1947 Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Glu Gl #y Glu Glu Val Ala Pro                 595   #               600   #               605 ctc gcc aag gaa aac gtg gcc act cca tgaaactga #t catcgagttg           1994 Leu Ala Lys Glu Asn Val Ala Thr Pro             610       #           615 tgttcctcac tgcattttca caataaatgg tttgttaaat agtagagata tc #atctatca   2054 ctgcaacgtg ttgtaaattt gttcttgtaa aataagccgt gtaatctaac tc #taaggccg   2114 tttgttggcg taatgcagat gctatctgtt ttaattttaa aaaaaaaaaa aa #aaaaaaaa   2174 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa          #                   #           2202 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 615 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 2 Met Ala Met Pro Ser Val Thr Ala Ser His Ph #e Ile Ala Lys Thr Pro  1               5   #                10   #                15 Cys Ser Ser Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ser Asp Leu Gl #u Gly Leu Ala Phe Gln             20       #            25       #            30 Ile Arg Arg Ile Pro Tyr Leu Ser Asn His Al #a Ser Thr Phe Glu Gly         35           #        40           #        45 Leu Arg Ser Arg Asn Gln Met Asn Ser Arg Pr #o Met Gln Cys Ala Lys     50               #    55               #    60 Ala Thr Thr Arg Gln Val Arg Lys Gly Ile Gl #n His Ala Ser Arg Arg 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Pro Ser Val Ile Cys Ala Ser Gly Met Asn Le #u Ile Phe Val Ala Ala                 85   #                90   #                95 Glu Val Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Le #u Gly Asp Val Leu Gly             100       #           105       #           110 Gly Leu Pro Pro Ala Met Ala Ala Lys Gly Hi #s Arg Val Met Thr Ile         115           #       120           #       125 Ala Pro Arg His Asp Gln Tyr Lys Asp Gly Tr #p Asp Thr Ala Val Phe     130               #   135               #   140 Val Glu Leu Lys Val Gly Asp Arg Ile Glu Th #r Val Arg Phe Phe His 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Cys Tyr Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Phe Va #l Asp His Pro Leu Phe                 165   #               170   #               175 Leu Glu Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly Ly #s Ile Tyr Gly Pro Val             180       #           185       #           190 Thr Arg Thr Asp Tyr Glu Asp Asn Gln Leu Ar #g Phe Cys Leu Leu Cys         195           #       200           #       205 Leu Ala Thr Leu Glu Thr Pro Arg Val Leu As #n Pro Asn Asn Asn Lys     210               #   215               #   220 Tyr His Ser Gly Pro Lys Gly Glu Asp Leu Ph #e Ile Ala Asn Asp Trp 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 His Thr Ala Leu Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu Lys Th #r Ile Val Tyr Gln Ala                 245   #               250   #               255 His Gly Ile Tyr Lys Asn Ala Lys Val Ala Ph #e Cys Ile His Asn Ile             260       #           265       #           270 Ala Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Glu Asp Ph #e Ser Arg Leu Asn Leu         275           #       280           #       285 Pro Asp Thr Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Asp Phe Il #e Asp Gly Tyr Ala Lys     290               #   295               #   300 Pro Ile Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Asn Trp Met Ly #s Ala Gly Ile Ile Glu 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Ser Asp Arg Ala Leu Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Ty #r Ala Gln Glu Leu Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Ser Gly Ile Asp Lys Gly Val Glu Leu Asp As #n Ile Leu Arg Leu Lys             340       #           345       #           350 Thr Ile Cys Gly Ile Ile Asn Gly Met Asp Th #r Asn Glu Trp Asn Pro         355           #       360           #       365 Ser Thr Asp Lys Tyr Ile Thr Ala Asn Tyr As #p Ala Thr Thr Val Met     370               #   375               #   380 Glu Ala Lys Pro Leu Asn Lys Glu Ala Leu Gl #n Ala Glu Val Gly Leu 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Pro Val Asn Ser Lys Ile Pro Val Ile Ala Ph #e Ile Gly Arg Leu Glu                 405   #               410   #               415 Glu Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Glu Al #a Ile Pro Lys Phe Phe             420       #           425       #           430 Asp Gln Asp Val Gln Val Ile Val Leu Gly Th #r Gly Lys Lys Lys Leu         435           #       440           #       445 Glu Arg Gln Leu Ala Leu Leu Glu Asp Glu Ph #e Pro Asp Lys Phe Arg     450               #   455               #   460 Ala His Met Lys Phe Asn Ile Pro Leu Ala Hi #s Gly Ile Met Ala Gly 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Ala Asp Ile Leu Val Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Gl #u Pro Cys Gly Leu Ile                 485   #               490   #               495 Gln Leu Gln Gly Met Arg Tyr Gly Thr Pro Se #r Met Cys Thr Thr Thr             500       #           505       #           510 Gly Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Val Lys Glu Gly Il #e Thr Gly Phe His Met         515           #       520           #       525 Gly Pro Phe Ser Val Glu Cys Asp Ile Ala As #p Glu Ala Asp Val Leu     530               #   535               #   540 Lys Ile Val Glu Ala Val Lys Arg Ala Leu Me #t Val Tyr Gly Thr Pro 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Ala Phe Glu Glu Met Ile Gln Asn Cys Met Al #a Gln Asp Phe Ser Trp                 565   #               570   #               575 Lys Gly Pro Ala Lys Glu Trp Glu Lys Phe Le #u Leu Ser Leu Gly Leu             580       #           585       #           590 Glu Gly Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Glu Gly Glu Gl #u Val Ala Pro Leu Ala         595           #       600           #       605 Lys Glu Asn Val Ala Thr Pro     610               #   615 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 3 atggccatgc cttctgtgac tgcat           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 4 tcatggagtg gccacgtttt ccttg           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 2348 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (36)...(2105) <400> SEQUENCE: 5 ccaccaccgt aactaccacg gccacttcgc tcagc atg ttc tcc  #cac ctc cta        53                    #                   #   Met Phe Ser His Leu Leu                    #                   #    1               # 5 tcc tct cct cca gcg ccg ccg ccg ccc ggc gc #g gcc agc tgc cgc ctc      101 Ser Ser Pro Pro Ala Pro Pro Pro Pro Gly Al #a Ala Ser Cys Arg Leu              10      #             15      #             20 ctg cac ggc ggg gct cgc cct ctt ggc cac tc #t ccg ctt tgc tgg gcg      149 Leu His Gly Gly Ala Arg Pro Leu Gly His Se #r Pro Leu Cys Trp Ala          25          #         30          #         35 aat cct ctc tgt acg agc cga ttt atg gcg gg #t ctt tca gaa gtc aag      197 Asn Pro Leu Cys Thr Ser Arg Phe Met Ala Gl #y Leu Ser Glu Val Lys      40              #     45              #     50 aaa ggg agc aaa atc aca ctc aaa cat atc ga #t cac act gga agt gct      245 Lys Gly Ser Lys Ile Thr Leu Lys His Ile As #p His Thr Gly Ser Ala  55                  # 60                  # 65                  # 70 cgc aca atg agg ttt ctt aat gct tta tac ca #t gga caa tca gcg gat      293 Arg Thr Met Arg Phe Leu Asn Ala Leu Tyr Hi #s Gly Gln Ser Ala Asp                  75  #                 80  #                 85 cta gtt cca atc aac cac agg gga aag tct tc #a ggc gca gtt ggg aga      341 Leu Val Pro Ile Asn His Arg Gly Lys Ser Se #r Gly Ala Val Gly Arg              90      #             95      #            100 agc aat att aat gat ata caa gag gat agc aa #t caa gat gtt gac att      389 Ser Asn Ile Asn Asp Ile Gln Glu Asp Ser As #n Gln Asp Val Asp Ile         105           #       110           #       115 gcc gat gat tct gtt gca caa aca atg gaa ca #a agc aag aag gtg ttg      437 Ala Asp Asp Ser Val Ala Gln Thr Met Glu Gl #n Ser Lys Lys Val Leu     120               #   125               #   130 gaa atg cag agg aac ctg ctg caa cag att at #t gaa aag aga aat ttc      485 Glu Met Gln Arg Asn Leu Leu Gln Gln Ile Il #e Glu Lys Arg Asn Phe 135                 1 #40                 1 #45                 1 #50 tct gaa gag aca gaa tct tat gtc aag aaa ga #t gag aac ctt gga att      533 Ser Glu Glu Thr Glu Ser Tyr Val Lys Lys As #p Glu Asn Leu Gly Ile                 155   #               160   #               165 tat gca gaa gca tat atg caa acc tca aac aa #t caa caa gaa gct cca      581 Tyr Ala Glu Ala Tyr Met Gln Thr Ser Asn As #n Gln Gln Glu Ala Pro             170       #           175       #           180 cca gaa gaa gga aat ctg aac tct cct cct tt #g gct ggt cca aat gta      629 Pro Glu Glu Gly Asn Leu Asn Ser Pro Pro Le #u Ala Gly Pro Asn Val         185           #       190           #       195 atg aat atc ata ttg gta gct gca gaa tgt gc #a cca tgg tct aaa aca      677 Met Asn Ile Ile Leu Val Ala Ala Glu Cys Al #a Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr     200               #   205               #   210 ggt ggg ctt gga gat gtt gtt gga gct tta cc #t aaa gca ttg gcc aag      725 Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Val Val Gly Ala Leu Pr #o Lys Ala Leu Ala Lys 215                 2 #20                 2 #25                 2 #30 aga gga cat cgt gtc atg gta gtg tct cca ag #a tat gga aac tat cct      773 Arg Gly His Arg Val Met Val Val Ser Pro Ar #g Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Pro                 235   #               240   #               245 gaa cct aag gaa ata ggg aat ctt aaa agg ta #c aag gtt gat gga cag      821 Glu Pro Lys Glu Ile Gly Asn Leu Lys Arg Ty #r Lys Val Asp Gly Gln             250       #           255       #           260 gac atg gag att aaa tac tat cat act tac at #c gat tct gtt gat ttt      869 Asp Met Glu Ile Lys Tyr Tyr His Thr Tyr Il #e Asp Ser Val Asp Phe         265           #       270           #       275 gtc ttc atc gat agt cct att ttc cgc cat at #t gga aat gat ata tat      917 Val Phe Ile Asp Ser Pro Ile Phe Arg His Il #e Gly Asn Asp Ile Tyr     280               #   285               #   290 ggt gga aac cga gtg gac att ttg aag aga at #g gta ttg ttc tgc aaa      965 Gly Gly Asn Arg Val Asp Ile Leu Lys Arg Me #t Val Leu Phe Cys Lys 295                 3 #00                 3 #05                 3 #10 gca gca gtt gag gtt cct tgg cat gtc cca tg #t ggt gga ttc tgt tat     1013 Ala Ala Val Glu Val Pro Trp His Val Pro Cy #s Gly Gly Phe Cys Tyr                 315   #               320   #               325 gga gat ggg aat ttg gtt ttc att gcc aac ga #t tgg cat acc tcc tta     1061 Gly Asp Gly Asn Leu Val Phe Ile Ala Asn As #p Trp His Thr Ser Leu             330       #           335       #           340 ctt cca gtt tat ttg aag gca tgt ttc cgt ga #t cgt gga tta atg aca     1109 Leu Pro Val Tyr Leu Lys Ala Cys Phe Arg As #p Arg Gly Leu Met Thr         345           #       350           #       355 tac gct cgc tgt ctc ttg gtt att cac aac at #t gca cat cag ggt cgt     1157 Tyr Ala Arg Cys Leu Leu Val Ile His Asn Il #e Ala His Gln Gly Arg     360               #   365               #   370 ggt ccg cta gat gac ttc tca tat gtg gat tt #g cca cat gat cac att     1205 Gly Pro Leu Asp Asp Phe Ser Tyr Val Asp Le #u Pro His Asp His Ile 375                 3 #80                 3 #85                 3 #90 gac tcg ttt aga ctg gat gat cct gtt gga gg #t gag cat ttt aac att     1253 Asp Ser Phe Arg Leu Asp Asp Pro Val Gly Gl #y Glu His Phe Asn Ile                 395   #               400   #               405 ttt gca gct ggt ata aga gct gct gac cgt gt #g gtt aca gtt agc cat     1301 Phe Ala Ala Gly Ile Arg Ala Ala Asp Arg Va #l Val Thr Val Ser His             410       #           415       #           420 ggc tat gct tgg gag tta aaa aca tct gaa gg #t ggt tgg gga ttg cat     1349 Gly Tyr Ala Trp Glu Leu Lys Thr Ser Glu Gl #y Gly Trp Gly Leu His         425           #       430           #       435 gag atc atc aac gag tgc cat tgg aaa ttc ca #t ggt att gta aat gga     1397 Glu Ile Ile Asn Glu Cys His Trp Lys Phe Hi #s Gly Ile Val Asn Gly     440               #   445               #   450 atc gat acc cat agt tgg aat cca aaa ttt ga #c gct cac tta aat tct     1445 Ile Asp Thr His Ser Trp Asn Pro Lys Phe As #p Ala His Leu Asn Ser 455                 4 #60                 4 #65                 4 #70 gat ggt tac acc aac ttc acc ctg gaa act ct #t gaa atg gga aag gcc     1493 Asp Gly Tyr Thr Asn Phe Thr Leu Glu Thr Le #u Glu Met Gly Lys Ala                 475   #               480   #               485 cag tgc aag gct gct ttg caa cga gag ttt gg #t ctg cct gtt cgt gac     1541 Gln Cys Lys Ala Ala Leu Gln Arg Glu Phe Gl #y Leu Pro Val Arg Asp             490       #           495       #           500 gac gtt cct att ctt gcc ttc att ggg aga tt #a gac cat caa aaa ggt     1589 Asp Val Pro Ile Leu Ala Phe Ile Gly Arg Le #u Asp His Gln Lys Gly         505           #       510           #       515 ata gat ctc ata gcg gag gcc atg cac tgg ct #c gtc ggt caa gat cta     1637 Ile Asp Leu Ile Ala Glu Ala Met His Trp Le #u Val Gly Gln Asp Leu     520               #   525               #   530 cag ata atc atg ctg ggc act ggg agg cca ga #c ctc gag gat atg ctt     1685 Gln Ile Ile Met Leu Gly Thr Gly Arg Pro As #p Leu Glu Asp Met Leu 535                 5 #40                 5 #45                 5 #50 cga aga ttt gaa cgt gag cat cgc ggt aag gt #c agg gga tgg gtt ggg     1733 Arg Arg Phe Glu Arg Glu His Arg Gly Lys Va #l Arg Gly Trp Val Gly                 555   #               560   #               565 ttc tca gtg aaa atg gct cat cgg atc aca gc #a ggt gct gat gcc cta     1781 Phe Ser Val Lys Met Ala His Arg Ile Thr Al #a Gly Ala Asp Ala Leu             570       #           575       #           580 ctg atg ccc tcc agg ttc gaa cct tgt gga tt #g aac caa ctt cac gct     1829 Leu Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pro Cys Gly Le #u Asn Gln Leu His Ala         585           #       590           #       595 atg atg tac gga aca att cct gtt gtg cat gc #a gta ggt ggt ctt cga     1877 Met Met Tyr Gly Thr Ile Pro Val Val His Al #a Val Gly Gly Leu Arg     600               #   605               #   610 gat act gtg caa cag ttt gat ccg ttc aat ga #g aca ggt ttg gga tgg     1925 Asp Thr Val Gln Gln Phe Asp Pro Phe Asn Gl #u Thr Gly Leu Gly Trp 615                 6 #20                 6 #25                 6 #30 acc ttt gac agg gca gag gca cat agg atg at #a gtg gca ctc ggc cat     1973 Thr Phe Asp Arg Ala Glu Ala His Arg Met Il #e Val Ala Leu Gly His                 635   #               640   #               645 tgt cta aac aca tat cgg aat tac aag gag ag #c tgg gtg gga ttg cag     2021 Cys Leu Asn Thr Tyr Arg Asn Tyr Lys Glu Se #r Trp Val Gly Leu Gln             650       #           655       #           660 aag cga ggg atg atg cag gac ctc agt tgg ga #g agt gct gcc gag cac     2069 Lys Arg Gly Met Met Gln Asp Leu Ser Trp Gl #u Ser Ala Ala Glu His         665           #       670           #       675 tat gaa aaa gtc ctt gtt gct gcc aag tac ca #a tgg tgatgattga          2115 Tyr Glu Lys Val Leu Val Ala Ala Lys Tyr Gl #n Trp     680               #   685               #   690 ttccatcttt ctcatagctt cccgttgatg catgcatgca tgcatcactt gg #ctctgctg   2175 gaagttgtgt gacaccataa aataataaca atctatcctc atcttgattt gt #tttttgtt   2235 tcccctaata actcaggtca tcttgaggca ataatgtaga agaagatatc tg #gatctttg   2295 ttgtgagttt ttaattccca tgccatggga atttataaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa #a          2348 <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 690 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 6 Met Phe Ser His Leu Leu Ser Ser Pro Pro Al #a Pro Pro Pro Pro Gly  1               5   #                10   #                15 Ala Ala Ser Cys Arg Leu Leu His Gly Gly Al #a Arg Pro Leu Gly His             20       #            25       #            30 Ser Pro Leu Cys Trp Ala Asn Pro Leu Cys Th #r Ser Arg Phe Met Ala         35           #        40           #        45 Gly Leu Ser Glu Val Lys Lys Gly Ser Lys Il #e Thr Leu Lys His Ile     50               #    55               #    60 Asp His Thr Gly Ser Ala Arg Thr Met Arg Ph #e Leu Asn Ala Leu Tyr 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 His Gly Gln Ser Ala Asp Leu Val Pro Ile As #n His Arg Gly Lys Ser                 85   #                90   #                95 Ser Gly Ala Val Gly Arg Ser Asn Ile Asn As #p Ile Gln Glu Asp Ser             100       #           105       #           110 Asn Gln Asp Val Asp Ile Ala Asp Asp Ser Va #l Ala Gln Thr Met Glu         115           #       120           #       125 Gln Ser Lys Lys Val Leu Glu Met Gln Arg As #n Leu Leu Gln Gln Ile     130               #   135               #   140 Ile Glu Lys Arg Asn Phe Ser Glu Glu Thr Gl #u Ser Tyr Val Lys Lys 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Asp Glu Asn Leu Gly Ile Tyr Ala Glu Ala Ty #r Met Gln Thr Ser Asn                 165   #               170   #               175 Asn Gln Gln Glu Ala Pro Pro Glu Glu Gly As #n Leu Asn Ser Pro Pro             180       #           185       #           190 Leu Ala Gly Pro Asn Val Met Asn Ile Ile Le #u Val Ala Ala Glu Cys         195           #       200           #       205 Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Leu Gly As #p Val Val Gly Ala Leu     210               #   215               #   220 Pro Lys Ala Leu Ala Lys Arg Gly His Arg Va #l Met Val Val Ser Pro 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Arg Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Pro Glu Pro Lys Glu Il #e Gly Asn Leu Lys Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Tyr Lys Val Asp Gly Gln Asp Met Glu Ile Ly #s Tyr Tyr His Thr Tyr             260       #           265       #           270 Ile Asp Ser Val Asp Phe Val Phe Ile Asp Se #r Pro Ile Phe Arg His         275           #       280           #       285 Ile Gly Asn Asp Ile Tyr Gly Gly Asn Arg Va #l Asp Ile Leu Lys Arg     290               #   295               #   300 Met Val Leu Phe Cys Lys Ala Ala Val Glu Va #l Pro Trp His Val Pro 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Cys Gly Gly Phe Cys Tyr Gly Asp Gly Asn Le #u Val Phe Ile Ala Asn                 325   #               330   #               335 Asp Trp His Thr Ser Leu Leu Pro Val Tyr Le #u Lys Ala Cys Phe Arg             340       #           345       #           350 Asp Arg Gly Leu Met Thr Tyr Ala Arg Cys Le #u Leu Val Ile His Asn         355           #       360           #       365 Ile Ala His Gln Gly Arg Gly Pro Leu Asp As #p Phe Ser Tyr Val Asp     370               #   375               #   380 Leu Pro His Asp His Ile Asp Ser Phe Arg Le #u Asp Asp Pro Val Gly 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Gly Glu His Phe Asn Ile Phe Ala Ala Gly Il #e Arg Ala Ala Asp Arg                 405   #               410   #               415 Val Val Thr Val Ser His Gly Tyr Ala Trp Gl #u Leu Lys Thr Ser Glu             420       #           425       #           430 Gly Gly Trp Gly Leu His Glu Ile Ile Asn Gl #u Cys His Trp Lys Phe         435           #       440           #       445 His Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Ile Asp Thr His Se #r Trp Asn Pro Lys Phe     450               #   455               #   460 Asp Ala His Leu Asn Ser Asp Gly Tyr Thr As #n Phe Thr Leu Glu Thr 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Leu Glu Met Gly Lys Ala Gln Cys Lys Ala Al #a Leu Gln Arg Glu Phe                 485   #               490   #               495 Gly Leu Pro Val Arg Asp Asp Val Pro Ile Le #u Ala Phe Ile Gly Arg             500       #           505       #           510 Leu Asp His Gln Lys Gly Ile Asp Leu Ile Al #a Glu Ala Met His Trp         515           #       520           #       525 Leu Val Gly Gln Asp Leu Gln Ile Ile Met Le #u Gly Thr Gly Arg Pro     530               #   535               #   540 Asp Leu Glu Asp Met Leu Arg Arg Phe Glu Ar #g Glu His Arg Gly Lys 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Val Arg Gly Trp Val Gly Phe Ser Val Lys Me #t Ala His Arg Ile Thr                 565   #               570   #               575 Ala Gly Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Met Pro Ser Ar #g Phe Glu Pro Cys Gly             580       #           585       #           590 Leu Asn Gln Leu His Ala Met Met Tyr Gly Th #r Ile Pro Val Val His         595           #       600           #       605 Ala Val Gly Gly Leu Arg Asp Thr Val Gln Gl #n Phe Asp Pro Phe Asn     610               #   615               #   620 Glu Thr Gly Leu Gly Trp Thr Phe Asp Arg Al #a Glu Ala His Arg Met 625                 6 #30                 6 #35                 6 #40 Ile Val Ala Leu Gly His Cys Leu Asn Thr Ty #r Arg Asn Tyr Lys Glu                 645   #               650   #               655 Ser Trp Val Gly Leu Gln Lys Arg Gly Met Me #t Gln Asp Leu Ser Trp             660       #           665       #           670 Glu Ser Ala Ala Glu His Tyr Glu Lys Val Le #u Val Ala Ala Lys Tyr         675           #       680           #       685 Gln Trp     690 <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 7 atgttctccc acctcctatc ctctc           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Curcuma zedoaria <400> SEQUENCE: 8 tcaccattgg tacttggcag caaca           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 3434 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Maranta arundinacea <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1315)...(2913) <400> SEQUENCE: 9 tctcagcaaa aaaggcaaca actaaaaagg gcatctcgag agcagttgcc aa #aaaatata     60 agcactcatt cacatagcaa cagtgatagt gaatctctgg aagctagttc tg #ctgggttc    120 tcaaacacag gccaaaattc tctatcaagc catgatgatg atggtgatat ta #ttaggaag    180 acagatgtgg cagtatcatc tgatgaagaa agtaatagtg tgattgggag tg #tagtcaga    240 ggggagcatc caagcattcg tcttgaggac ttgatagcta tggtcacaaa tg #ctgaaaaa    300 agtagttata tttgtgtttc catgtaaaac tgttacttct caatcttttt at #ctacctat    360 gatatgtttt tcagatactt tgcttcttaa tcaagctcgg gttcgtgcac tt #gaagaact    420 tgacaaaata cttttagaaa aggtggcttt gcaatccgaa ataaacattc ta #gagatgaa    480 gttggcagaa acagatgcac gtattaaagc tgcagctcaa gaaaagatca at #gtggaact    540 ccttgaagat cagatggagc agttgaagaa tgaaatgcct tcaaggaatt ct #attgaagg    600 aggagggaat ggtgcatttt gtggtgaatt tcctcttgct ttggagcata at #gccctgca    660 aagagaaaat tcaatgctaa aaagtgatat acagactctt aagatgaaac ta #actgatgt    720 tagtgaaaca gaggaccgtg tgtcatcact agagaaagaa tgttctttgt tg #gatgattt    780 cctaaaagat ttgcaacgtc agtttgcaac ttttgatgtt tccaaacttg at #tccctgca    840 atatgaatgc agggctttgt cagacaaggt aatgcaatta ttatcaaata ca #gtgaacaa    900 tgggtttgat gtgcctcctg taagtttaca acaatataat gaactggaga ag #aaggttgc    960 taagttagag gcatctatga tggaagagaa ggtgccaaag ttcccctatg aa #acatttca   1020 ccattatgaa cagattctac aacagaaaat tgagagcttg gaggagcgac ta #caagtgtc   1080 tgatcaaaaa atgaattctg aaattcaatt gttccaggaa tcagttagac aa #tttcagga   1140 tacacttgat aagctatatg aagaaattga caaaaaatca cgtgaaactt tg #ctggaaaa   1200 tgtaccttgt gaattttgga gtcgtttact gcttctaatt gatggttggt tg #ctcgagaa   1260 gaagatatca tctaatgatg ctaattcatt gagagaattg acgtggaaaa ag #gg atg     1317                    #                   #                   #      Met                    #                   #                   #       1 ctc gaa tcc atg atg cat att tgg cct cta ag #a aca aaa gtg agc ctg     1365 Leu Glu Ser Met Met His Ile Trp Pro Leu Ar #g Thr Lys Val Ser Leu              5      #              10     #              15 aaa gat tgg cta cat ttc tca agg tta ctt cc #t tct cat gca agt gta     1413 Lys Asp Trp Leu His Phe Ser Arg Leu Leu Pr #o Ser His Ala Ser Val          20          #         25          #         30 gga ttg cac ata tcc cat att gcc gca gaa at #g gct cca att gca aag     1461 Gly Leu His Ile Ser His Ile Ala Ala Glu Me #t Ala Pro Ile Ala Lys      35              #     40              #     45 gtt ggc ggt tta gga gat gtt gta tct ggt ct #t tgc aaa gcg ttg cag     1509 Val Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Val Val Ser Gly Le #u Cys Lys Ala Leu Gln  50                  # 55                  # 60                  # 65 agg aag gga cac ttg gtg gaa att gtc ctt cc #a aaa tat gat tgt atg     1557 Arg Lys Gly His Leu Val Glu Ile Val Leu Pr #o Lys Tyr Asp Cys Met                  70  #                 75  #                 80 cag tat gat ctt gtt cct gat ctg agg gta tt #g gat gtt gca gta gag     1605 Gln Tyr Asp Leu Val Pro Asp Leu Arg Val Le #u Asp Val Ala Val Glu              85      #             90      #             95 tct tat ttt gat gga caa tta ttc aag aat aa #a att tgg gtt gcg gct     1653 Ser Tyr Phe Asp Gly Gln Leu Phe Lys Asn Ly #s Ile Trp Val Ala Ala         100           #       105           #       110 gta gaa ggt ctt cct gtt tac ttt ata gag cc #t cat cat cca gac aag     1701 Val Glu Gly Leu Pro Val Tyr Phe Ile Glu Pr #o His His Pro Asp Lys     115               #   120               #   125 ctc ttc tgg aga gga aaa tac tat gga gaa ca #t gat gac ttc aaa cgc     1749 Leu Phe Trp Arg Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Gly Glu Hi #s Asp Asp Phe Lys Arg 130                 1 #35                 1 #40                 1 #45 ttt tca ttt ttt agc cgt gct gct ctt gaa tt #a ctc tat caa gct ggg     1797 Phe Ser Phe Phe Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Glu Le #u Leu Tyr Gln Ala Gly                 150   #               155   #               160 aag aaa cct gac ata att cat tgt cat gat tg #g cag aca gcc ttt gtt     1845 Lys Lys Pro Asp Ile Ile His Cys His Asp Tr #p Gln Thr Ala Phe Val             165       #           170       #           175 gca cca ctt tac tgg gat ata tat gct aac aa #a ggc tta aat tca gct     1893 Ala Pro Leu Tyr Trp Asp Ile Tyr Ala Asn Ly #s Gly Leu Asn Ser Ala         180           #       185           #       190 aga att tgc ttt acc tgc cac aac ttt gag ca #t cag gga att ata cct     1941 Arg Ile Cys Phe Thr Cys His Asn Phe Glu Hi #s Gln Gly Ile Ile Pro     195               #   200               #   205 gct tca gcc ttg gca tcc tgt ggt ttt gat gt #c cat cat atg aac aga     1989 Ala Ser Ala Leu Ala Ser Cys Gly Phe Asp Va #l His His Met Asn Arg 210                 2 #15                 2 #20                 2 #25 gat cga atg cag gac aat tca gcg cat gac ag #a gtc aat gtt gtt aag     2037 Asp Arg Met Gln Asp Asn Ser Ala His Asp Ar #g Val Asn Val Val Lys                 230   #               235   #               240 ggt gca att gtg ttc tct aac att gtt act ac #c gta tca cca act tat     2085 Gly Ala Ile Val Phe Ser Asn Ile Val Thr Th #r Val Ser Pro Thr Tyr             245       #           250       #           255 gct caa gag gcg tgc act gca gag ggt ggt cg #g ggc cta cac gaa aca     2133 Ala Gln Glu Ala Cys Thr Ala Glu Gly Gly Ar #g Gly Leu His Glu Thr         260           #       265           #       270 tta cag tca ttt tcg aag aaa ttt gtg ggg at #t ctt aat ggc att gat     2181 Leu Gln Ser Phe Ser Lys Lys Phe Val Gly Il #e Leu Asn Gly Ile Asp     275               #   280               #   285 gct gat gca tgg aat cct tca act gat aaa ta #t atc agt gtt cag tat     2229 Ala Asp Ala Trp Asn Pro Ser Thr Asp Lys Ty #r Ile Ser Val Gln Tyr 290                 2 #95                 3 #00                 3 #05 agt gct gat gat ctt cag gga aaa gcc gag aa #c aaa gat gct ata agg     2277 Ser Ala Asp Asp Leu Gln Gly Lys Ala Glu As #n Lys Asp Ala Ile Arg                 310   #               315   #               320 aag cat ctt aaa ctt tcc ttg tca gag ggt tc #t cga cca ctg gtt gct     2325 Lys His Leu Lys Leu Ser Leu Ser Glu Gly Se #r Arg Pro Leu Val Ala             325       #           330       #           335 tgt att gca cgg ctc gtg cca cag aaa ggt gt #g cat ctt atc agg cat     2373 Cys Ile Ala Arg Leu Val Pro Gln Lys Gly Va #l His Leu Ile Arg His         340           #       345           #       350 gca ata tat cgt aca ctg gag tta ggt gga ca #a ttt gtg ctt ctt ggt     2421 Ala Ile Tyr Arg Thr Leu Glu Leu Gly Gly Gl #n Phe Val Leu Leu Gly     355               #   360               #   365 gaa agt cca gtc cca cac att cag cgg gag tt #t gag gat att gca aag     2469 Glu Ser Pro Val Pro His Ile Gln Arg Glu Ph #e Glu Asp Ile Ala Lys 370                 3 #75                 3 #80                 3 #85 cat ttc cag agc cac cct cat gtc cgg ttg ct #c ttg aaa tac gac gaa     2517 His Phe Gln Ser His Pro His Val Arg Leu Le #u Leu Lys Tyr Asp Glu                 390   #               395   #               400 gcc ctt tca cgc tta att tat gca gca tct ga #c atg ttt atc att cca     2565 Ala Leu Ser Arg Leu Ile Tyr Ala Ala Ser As #p Met Phe Ile Ile Pro             405       #           410       #           415 tca atg ttc gag cct tgt ggt ctt acc cag at #g att gct atg aga tat     2613 Ser Met Phe Glu Pro Cys Gly Leu Thr Gln Me #t Ile Ala Met Arg Tyr         420           #       425           #       430 ggt tct gtg cca att gca aga aaa acc ggt gg #g ctc aac gat agt gtc     2661 Gly Ser Val Pro Ile Ala Arg Lys Thr Gly Gl #y Leu Asn Asp Ser Val     435               #   440               #   445 ttt gat att gat gat aat atg ata cca gaa ca #a tac cag aat gga ttt     2709 Phe Asp Ile Asp Asp Asn Met Ile Pro Glu Gl #n Tyr Gln Asn Gly Phe 450                 4 #55                 4 #60                 4 #65 acg ttt ctg aca acc gat gaa cag ggt cta ag #c agt gca atg gaa cga     2757 Thr Phe Leu Thr Thr Asp Glu Gln Gly Leu Se #r Ser Ala Met Glu Arg                 470   #               475   #               480 gca ttt cgg tac tac act aaa agc cct aag aa #c tgg caa aat ctt gtt     2805 Ala Phe Arg Tyr Tyr Thr Lys Ser Pro Lys As #n Trp Gln Asn Leu Val             485       #           490       #           495 cag aag gtt atg aga atg gac ttc agt tgg ga #t tct tcg gca tcg caa     2853 Gln Lys Val Met Arg Met Asp Phe Ser Trp As #p Ser Ser Ala Ser Gln         500           #       505           #       510 tat gaa gaa cta tat caa aaa tcc gtg gct ag #a gca agg gca gca gca     2901 Tyr Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Ser Val Ala Ar #g Ala Arg Ala Ala Ala     515               #   520               #   525 gcc gct cga gtg taaattcctg ttaaatcccc cctataccgt tc #catatcca         2953 Ala Ala Arg Val 530 gggccaaggc ctctctatac acattataaa gtccattttg ctgctgaagc at #aaatcatg   3013 ggatacactg cagcgctcat attttttatt cctctgccca ccaaaatggt ac #accgagtg   3073 gcaatcatca gtgattgatt aatgatccaa ttcaattgct gccaactgaa at #aatcaagt   3133 tgttggatat caactccacc tcgaagaaca gcggaaagct caatgcacat aa #tacctggt   3193 tccggatatt tgtgaagaag caacaaaagc atgcgcctta tcagcaaatg gc #atttatga   3253 tgcttactcc aagtgccaac aattttaggc aatccacttg ttcatgcatt tc #cacgagat   3313 gctgttgctg tttacatttg ttttacatgc agtcatcagt acagatatat cc #caacagag   3373 tttgactgtt ataagtaatg cgcttattac ttaacgtgct actaaaaaaa aa #aaaaaaaa   3433 a                   #                   #                   #             3434 <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 533 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Maranta arundinacea <400> SEQUENCE: 10 Met Leu Glu Ser Met Met His Ile Trp Pro Le #u Arg Thr Lys Val Ser  1               5   #                10   #                15 Leu Lys Asp Trp Leu His Phe Ser Arg Leu Le #u Pro Ser His Ala Ser             20       #            25       #            30 Val Gly Leu His Ile Ser His Ile Ala Ala Gl #u Met Ala Pro Ile Ala         35           #        40           #        45 Lys Val Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Val Val Ser Gl #y Leu Cys Lys Ala Leu     50               #    55               #    60 Gln Arg Lys Gly His Leu Val Glu Ile Val Le #u Pro Lys Tyr Asp Cys 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Met Gln Tyr Asp Leu Val Pro Asp Leu Arg Va #l Leu Asp Val Ala Val                 85   #                90   #                95 Glu Ser Tyr Phe Asp Gly Gln Leu Phe Lys As #n Lys Ile Trp Val Ala             100       #           105       #           110 Ala Val Glu Gly Leu Pro Val Tyr Phe Ile Gl #u Pro His His Pro Asp         115           #       120           #       125 Lys Leu Phe Trp Arg Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Gly Gl #u His Asp Asp Phe Lys     130               #   135               #   140 Arg Phe Ser Phe Phe Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Gl #u Leu Leu Tyr Gln Ala 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Gly Lys Lys Pro Asp Ile Ile His Cys His As #p Trp Gln Thr Ala Phe                 165   #               170   #               175 Val Ala Pro Leu Tyr Trp Asp Ile Tyr Ala As #n Lys Gly Leu Asn Ser             180       #           185       #           190 Ala Arg Ile Cys Phe Thr Cys His Asn Phe Gl #u His Gln Gly Ile Ile         195           #       200           #       205 Pro Ala Ser Ala Leu Ala Ser Cys Gly Phe As #p Val His His Met Asn     210               #   215               #   220 Arg Asp Arg Met Gln Asp Asn Ser Ala His As #p Arg Val Asn Val Val 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Lys Gly Ala Ile Val Phe Ser Asn Ile Val Th #r Thr Val Ser Pro Thr                 245   #               250   #               255 Tyr Ala Gln Glu Ala Cys Thr Ala Glu Gly Gl #y Arg Gly Leu His Glu             260       #           265       #           270 Thr Leu Gln Ser Phe Ser Lys Lys Phe Val Gl #y Ile Leu Asn Gly Ile         275           #       280           #       285 Asp Ala Asp Ala Trp Asn Pro Ser Thr Asp Ly #s Tyr Ile Ser Val Gln     290               #   295               #   300 Tyr Ser Ala Asp Asp Leu Gln Gly Lys Ala Gl #u Asn Lys Asp Ala Ile 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Arg Lys His Leu Lys Leu Ser Leu Ser Glu Gl #y Ser Arg Pro Leu Val                 325   #               330   #               335 Ala Cys Ile Ala Arg Leu Val Pro Gln Lys Gl #y Val His Leu Ile Arg             340       #           345       #           350 His Ala Ile Tyr Arg Thr Leu Glu Leu Gly Gl #y Gln Phe Val Leu Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Gly Glu Ser Pro Val Pro His Ile Gln Arg Gl #u Phe Glu Asp Ile Ala     370               #   375               #   380 Lys His Phe Gln Ser His Pro His Val Arg Le #u Leu Leu Lys Tyr Asp 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Ala Leu Ser Arg Leu Ile Tyr Ala Ala Se #r Asp Met Phe Ile Ile                 405   #               410   #               415 Pro Ser Met Phe Glu Pro Cys Gly Leu Thr Gl #n Met Ile Ala Met Arg             420       #           425       #           430 Tyr Gly Ser Val Pro Ile Ala Arg Lys Thr Gl #y Gly Leu Asn Asp Ser         435           #       440           #       445 Val Phe Asp Ile Asp Asp Asn Met Ile Pro Gl #u Gln Tyr Gln Asn Gly     450               #   455               #   460 Phe Thr Phe Leu Thr Thr Asp Glu Gln Gly Le #u Ser Ser Ala Met Glu 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Arg Ala Phe Arg Tyr Tyr Thr Lys Ser Pro Ly #s Asn Trp Gln Asn Leu                 485   #               490   #               495 Val Gln Lys Val Met Arg Met Asp Phe Ser Tr #p Asp Ser Ser Ala Ser             500       #           505       #           510 Gln Tyr Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Ser Val Al #a Arg Ala Arg Ala Ala         515           #       520           #       525 Ala Ala Ala Arg Val     530 <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Maranta arundinacea <400> SEQUENCE: 11 atgctcgaat ccatgatgca tattt           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Maranta arundinacea <400> SEQUENCE: 12 ttacactcga gcggctgctg ctgcc           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 2176 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Canna edulis <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (81)...(1928) <400> SEQUENCE: 13 gaagctcctc acttgtcgct gcgagcaaga gcaagtcctt caatctgagt ga #gagtggtg     60 aatgacgtga gcatattcca atg gct gct atg acg gca tc #a cac ttc atc tca    113                    #    Met Ala Ala Met Thr Ala Ser His  #Phe Ile Ser                    #     1              #  5                 #   10 aat agt tca tgc tcc atc ttc aat gga gct tt #t gat tct gtg gtg acg      161 Asn Ser Ser Cys Ser Ile Phe Asn Gly Ala Ph #e Asp Ser Val Val Thr              15      #             20      #             25 tct ttc caa agc aga agg att cca ttc tcc ag #c aac cac act aat aat      209 Ser Phe Gln Ser Arg Arg Ile Pro Phe Ser Se #r Asn His Thr Asn Asn          30          #         35          #         40 tat gaa ggg ctg aga act cgg aat gtg gtg ga #t tca cgt aaa acg cgg      257 Tyr Glu Gly Leu Arg Thr Arg Asn Val Val As #p Ser Arg Lys Thr Arg      45              #     50              #     55 atg act gcg aag gca act tct agg cta gct ag #g agg gtt act cga cat      305 Met Thr Ala Lys Ala Thr Ser Arg Leu Ala Ar #g Arg Val Thr Arg His  60                  # 65                  # 70                  # 75 gcc agc caa aga ccc ttg att gtt gct gtc tg #t gga act gga atg aac      353 Ala Ser Gln Arg Pro Leu Ile Val Ala Val Cy #s Gly Thr Gly Met Asn                  80  #                 85  #                 90 ttg gtg ttt gtt ggt tgt gag gta gct cca tg #g agc aaa act ggg ggc      401 Leu Val Phe Val Gly Cys Glu Val Ala Pro Tr #p Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly              95      #            100      #            105 ctt ggc gat gtt ctt aga gga ttg cca cct gc #t atg gct gca att ggg      449 Leu Gly Asp Val Leu Arg Gly Leu Pro Pro Al #a Met Ala Ala Ile Gly         110           #       115           #       120 cac agg gtc atg acc gtg gtg cca cga tat ga #c caa tat aaa gat atc      497 His Arg Val Met Thr Val Val Pro Arg Tyr As #p Gln Tyr Lys Asp Ile     125               #   130               #   135 tgg gat aca agt gtc cca gtt gag tta aaa gt #t ggg gat aag att gaa      545 Trp Asp Thr Ser Val Pro Val Glu Leu Lys Va #l Gly Asp Lys Ile Glu 140                 1 #45                 1 #50                 1 #55 act gtc cgc ttc ttc cac tgc tac aaa agg gg #a gtt gat cgg gtt ttt      593 Thr Val Arg Phe Phe His Cys Tyr Lys Arg Gl #y Val Asp Arg Val Phe                 160   #               165   #               170 gtg gat cac cct atg ttt ctc gag aag gtt tg #g ggg aaa aca gga gga      641 Val Asp His Pro Met Phe Leu Glu Lys Val Tr #p Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly             175       #           180       #           185 aaa tta tat ggt cct gtt aca gga aca gat ta #t gca gac aat caa cta      689 Lys Leu Tyr Gly Pro Val Thr Gly Thr Asp Ty #r Ala Asp Asn Gln Leu         190           #       195           #       200 aga ttc agc ctt ttg tgc ctg gca gct ctg ga #a gct cca aga ctt cta      737 Arg Phe Ser Leu Leu Cys Leu Ala Ala Leu Gl #u Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu     205               #   210               #   215 aat ctc aac aac agc aaa tac tat tct gga cc #a tat gga gat gat gtt      785 Asn Leu Asn Asn Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Pr #o Tyr Gly Asp Asp Val 220                 2 #25                 2 #30                 2 #35 gtg ttt att gcc aac gat tgg cat tct gct ct #a ctg ccc tgc tac ttg      833 Val Phe Ile Ala Asn Asp Trp His Ser Ala Le #u Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu                 240   #               245   #               250 aaa act atg tac caa tca cat ggt att tac at #g aat gct aag gtt gca      881 Lys Thr Met Tyr Gln Ser His Gly Ile Tyr Me #t Asn Ala Lys Val Ala             255       #           260       #           265 ttt tgc att cat aat att gct tac cag ggc cg #a ttt gcc ttt tcg gac      929 Phe Cys Ile His Asn Ile Ala Tyr Gln Gly Ar #g Phe Ala Phe Ser Asp         270           #       275           #       280 ttt gaa ctc ctt aat ctc ccc aat aaa ttt aa #a tct tca ttt gat ttc      977 Phe Glu Leu Leu Asn Leu Pro Asn Lys Phe Ly #s Ser Ser Phe Asp Phe     285               #   290               #   295 atg gat gga tat gac aaa cct gtg aaa gga ag #g aaa ata aat tgg atg     1025 Met Asp Gly Tyr Asp Lys Pro Val Lys Gly Ar #g Lys Ile Asn Trp Met 300                 3 #05                 3 #10                 3 #15 aag gct gga ata ata gaa tgt gat agg tgc tt #g acc gtg agc cca tat     1073 Lys Ala Gly Ile Ile Glu Cys Asp Arg Cys Le #u Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr                 320   #               325   #               330 tat gcc caa gag ctt gtc tca ggg gta gag aa #g ggt gtt gag ttg ggc     1121 Tyr Ala Gln Glu Leu Val Ser Gly Val Glu Ly #s Gly Val Glu Leu Gly             335       #           340       #           345 aat atc ctg cgc atg aaa acc atc tgt gga at #a gta aat ggg atg gac     1169 Asn Ile Leu Arg Met Lys Thr Ile Cys Gly Il #e Val Asn Gly Met Asp         350           #       355           #       360 acc acg gag tgg aat cca tta aca gac aaa ta #t att tct aca aac tac     1217 Thr Thr Glu Trp Asn Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Ty #r Ile Ser Thr Asn Tyr     365               #   370               #   375 gat gca aca act gta ttg gat gca aaa cct ct #c tgt aag gaa gct ttg     1265 Asp Ala Thr Thr Val Leu Asp Ala Lys Pro Le #u Cys Lys Glu Ala Leu 380                 3 #85                 3 #90                 3 #95 caa gct gag tgt ggg ctg cct gtt aac aaa aa #c aag ctt gtt ttg gcc     1313 Gln Ala Glu Cys Gly Leu Pro Val Asn Lys As #n Lys Leu Val Leu Ala                 400   #               405   #               410 ttt gtt gga aga cta gat gag cag aaa ggc tc #a gac att cta gct gca     1361 Phe Val Gly Arg Leu Asp Glu Gln Lys Gly Se #r Asp Ile Leu Ala Ala             415       #           420       #           425 gca att cca gaa ctt ctt tgt gag aat gtt ca #a gtg ata gta ctt ggc     1409 Ala Ile Pro Glu Leu Leu Cys Glu Asn Val Gl #n Val Ile Val Leu Gly         430           #       435           #       440 act ggc aag aag aag ttg gag agt gaa ctt ac #a tta ctt gag gaa atg     1457 Thr Gly Lys Lys Lys Leu Glu Ser Glu Leu Th #r Leu Leu Glu Glu Met     445               #   450               #   455 ttt cca gac aaa ttc aga gca cat ctc aaa tt #c aac gtt cct tta gct     1505 Phe Pro Asp Lys Phe Arg Ala His Leu Lys Ph #e Asn Val Pro Leu Ala 460                 4 #65                 4 #70                 4 #75 cat gca atc atg gca gga gct gat atc ctt gt #t att cca agc aga ttc     1553 His Ala Ile Met Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile Leu Va #l Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe                 480   #               485   #               490 gaa ccc tgt ggc ctc att cag ctt cag gcc at #g cga tat gga act ctc     1601 Glu Pro Cys Gly Leu Ile Gln Leu Gln Ala Me #t Arg Tyr Gly Thr Leu             495       #           500       #           505 cct atg tgt agc acc act ggt gga ctt gtt ga #c act gtc aaa gaa ggc     1649 Pro Met Cys Ser Thr Thr Gly Gly Leu Val As #p Thr Val Lys Glu Gly         510           #       515           #       520 ttc act ggc ttc cat atg ggc ccc ttc agt gt #g gag tgt gat gcc gta     1697 Phe Thr Gly Phe His Met Gly Pro Phe Ser Va #l Glu Cys Asp Ala Val     525               #   530               #   535 gac aaa gct gat gta caa aag att gtc gaa ac #c acg aaa agg gcc ctc     1745 Asp Lys Ala Asp Val Gln Lys Ile Val Glu Th #r Thr Lys Arg Ala Leu 540                 5 #45                 5 #50                 5 #55 aaa gtc tat gga aca cct gct ttt gtg gag at #g atc aag aac tgc atg     1793 Lys Val Tyr Gly Thr Pro Ala Phe Val Glu Me #t Ile Lys Asn Cys Met                 560   #               565   #               570 aac caa gat ctc tca tgg aag gga cct gca aa #g aag tgg gaa caa ttt     1841 Asn Gln Asp Leu Ser Trp Lys Gly Pro Ala Ly #s Lys Trp Glu Gln Phe             575       #           580       #           585 ctc ctg agc atg ggg gct gct ggc agt gaa cc #t gga att gat ggg gag     1889 Leu Leu Ser Met Gly Ala Ala Gly Ser Glu Pr #o Gly Ile Asp Gly Glu         590           #       595           #       600 gaa ata gct cct ctt gcc aag gaa aat gta gc #t act cca tgagagatga      1938 Glu Ile Ala Pro Leu Ala Lys Glu Asn Val Al #a Thr Pro     605               #   610               #   615 ctaatacttt cctctttagt catagtccta agccttgttg taaagataaa ta #atcatcct   1998 ccaaaacctc catcgacatg atgtatcctt cacgagcttg gataaattcc aa #gagttttt   2058 atataagcag ttatgtagtc gtcaatctgt atggaaaatc cgtcaatgaa at #ttttttat   2118 tgatggctat taatcttagg ccagtatttg atgtttgtgt aaaaaaaaaa aa #aaaaaa     2176 <210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 616 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Canna edulis <400> SEQUENCE: 14 Met Ala Ala Met Thr Ala Ser His Phe Ile Se #r Asn Ser Ser Cys Ser  1               5   #                10   #                15 Ile Phe Asn Gly Ala Phe Asp Ser Val Val Th #r Ser Phe Gln Ser Arg             20       #            25       #            30 Arg Ile Pro Phe Ser Ser Asn His Thr Asn As #n Tyr Glu Gly Leu Arg         35           #        40           #        45 Thr Arg Asn Val Val Asp Ser Arg Lys Thr Ar #g Met Thr Ala Lys Ala     50               #    55               #    60 Thr Ser Arg Leu Ala Arg Arg Val Thr Arg Hi #s Ala Ser Gln Arg Pro 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Leu Ile Val Ala Val Cys Gly Thr Gly Met As #n Leu Val Phe Val Gly                 85   #                90   #                95 Cys Glu Val Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gly Gl #y Leu Gly Asp Val Leu             100       #           105       #           110 Arg Gly Leu Pro Pro Ala Met Ala Ala Ile Gl #y His Arg Val Met Thr         115           #       120           #       125 Val Val Pro Arg Tyr Asp Gln Tyr Lys Asp Il #e Trp Asp Thr Ser Val     130               #   135               #   140 Pro Val Glu Leu Lys Val Gly Asp Lys Ile Gl #u Thr Val Arg Phe Phe 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 His Cys Tyr Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Ph #e Val Asp His Pro Met                 165   #               170   #               175 Phe Leu Glu Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gl #y Lys Leu Tyr Gly Pro             180       #           185       #           190 Val Thr Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ala Asp Asn Gln Le #u Arg Phe Ser Leu Leu         195           #       200           #       205 Cys Leu Ala Ala Leu Glu Ala Pro Arg Leu Le #u Asn Leu Asn Asn Ser     210               #   215               #   220 Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Pro Tyr Gly Asp Asp Va #l Val Phe Ile Ala Asn 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Asp Trp His Ser Ala Leu Leu Pro Cys Tyr Le #u Lys Thr Met Tyr Gln                 245   #               250   #               255 Ser His Gly Ile Tyr Met Asn Ala Lys Val Al #a Phe Cys Ile His Asn             260       #           265       #           270 Ile Ala Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Ser As #p Phe Glu Leu Leu Asn         275           #       280           #       285 Leu Pro Asn Lys Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Asp Ph #e Met Asp Gly Tyr Asp     290               #   295               #   300 Lys Pro Val Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Asn Trp Me #t Lys Ala Gly Ile Ile 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Glu Cys Asp Arg Cys Leu Thr Val Ser Pro Ty #r Tyr Ala Gln Glu Leu                 325   #               330   #               335 Val Ser Gly Val Glu Lys Gly Val Glu Leu Gl #y Asn Ile Leu Arg Met             340       #           345       #           350 Lys Thr Ile Cys Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Met As #p Thr Thr Glu Trp Asn         355           #       360           #       365 Pro Leu Thr Asp Lys Tyr Ile Ser Thr Asn Ty #r Asp Ala Thr Thr Val     370               #   375               #   380 Leu Asp Ala Lys Pro Leu Cys Lys Glu Ala Le #u Gln Ala Glu Cys Gly 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Leu Pro Val Asn Lys Asn Lys Leu Val Leu Al #a Phe Val Gly Arg Leu                 405   #               410   #               415 Asp Glu Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Al #a Ala Ile Pro Glu Leu             420       #           425       #           430 Leu Cys Glu Asn Val Gln Val Ile Val Leu Gl #y Thr Gly Lys Lys Lys         435           #       440           #       445 Leu Glu Ser Glu Leu Thr Leu Leu Glu Glu Me #t Phe Pro Asp Lys Phe     450               #   455               #   460 Arg Ala His Leu Lys Phe Asn Val Pro Leu Al #a His Ala Ile Met Ala 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Gly Ala Asp Ile Leu Val Ile Pro Ser Arg Ph #e Glu Pro Cys Gly Leu                 485   #               490   #               495 Ile Gln Leu Gln Ala Met Arg Tyr Gly Thr Le #u Pro Met Cys Ser Thr             500       #           505       #           510 Thr Gly Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Val Lys Glu Gl #y Phe Thr Gly Phe His         515           #       520           #       525 Met Gly Pro Phe Ser Val Glu Cys Asp Ala Va #l Asp Lys Ala Asp Val     530               #   535               #   540 Gln Lys Ile Val Glu Thr Thr Lys Arg Ala Le #u Lys Val Tyr Gly Thr 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Pro Ala Phe Val Glu Met Ile Lys Asn Cys Me #t Asn Gln Asp Leu Ser                 565   #               570   #               575 Trp Lys Gly Pro Ala Lys Lys Trp Glu Gln Ph #e Leu Leu Ser Met Gly             580       #           585       #           590 Ala Ala Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Ile Asp Gly Gl #u Glu Ile Ala Pro Leu         595           #       600           #       605 Ala Lys Glu Asn Val Ala Thr Pro     610               #   615 <210> SEQ ID NO 15 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Canna edulis <400> SEQUENCE: 15 atggctgcta tgacggcatc acact           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Canna edulis <400> SEQUENCE: 16 tcatggagta gctacatttt ccttg           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211> LENGTH: 2274 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (115)...(1956) <400> SEQUENCE: 17 tgagatagtg aggaagagag tgagagagct cacagtagtt tgagcaaact cc #taagcttt     60 tctctaatcc ttctatctga gagaaaagaa aagaacagaa agtgagcact tc #ca atg      117                    #                   #                   #      Met                    #                   #                   #       1 gct act gtg act gca tca cag ttt gta cca aa #g tgc ttg tat ggc agt      165 Ala Thr Val Thr Ala Ser Gln Phe Val Pro Ly #s Cys Leu Tyr Gly Ser              5      #              10     #              15 gca gcc gat tcc aac cca aga gca ttc cac aa #c agg aag att gca gat      213 Ala Ala Asp Ser Asn Pro Arg Ala Phe His As #n Arg Lys Ile Ala Asp          20          #         25          #         30 ttg aag aac caa gcc act gct tat cat gga ct #c aga tct caa aac tca      261 Leu Lys Asn Gln Ala Thr Ala Tyr His Gly Le #u Arg Ser Gln Asn Ser      35              #     40              #     45 gta gac ttg ctt cag gtt agg act aaa gct aa #a aca act tcc aag caa      309 Val Asp Leu Leu Gln Val Arg Thr Lys Ala Ly #s Thr Thr Ser Lys Gln  50                  # 55                  # 60                  # 65 ttt aag aat ggt tgt tct act gtg aat ctg ag #a cct cca cga gcc gtg      357 Phe Lys Asn Gly Cys Ser Thr Val Asn Leu Ar #g Pro Pro Arg Ala Val                  70  #                 75  #                 80 gtc ata tgt gga aaa ggg atg aac tta gtc tt #t gtt gga gct gag atg      405 Val Ile Cys Gly Lys Gly Met Asn Leu Val Ph #e Val Gly Ala Glu Met              85      #             90      #             95 gct cca tgg agc aag act gga ggc ctt ggt ga #t gtt ctt gga gga ctc      453 Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Leu Gly As #p Val Leu Gly Gly Leu         100           #       105           #       110 cca ccg gca ttg gcg gca aat gga cat cga gt #t atg gtt ata gcg cca      501 Pro Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly His Arg Va #l Met Val Ile Ala Pro     115               #   120               #   125 cgt tat gat caa tac atg gat gct tgg gat ac #a gat gct ctt gtt gag      549 Arg Tyr Asp Gln Tyr Met Asp Ala Trp Asp Th #r Asp Ala Leu Val Glu 130                 1 #35                 1 #40                 1 #45 ttg aaa gtt ggg gat agg tgt gaa acc gtg cg #c ttc ttt cac tgc tat      597 Leu Lys Val Gly Asp Arg Cys Glu Thr Val Ar #g Phe Phe His Cys Tyr                 150   #               155   #               160 aaa aga gga gtt gat cga gtt ttt gtc gat ca #c cct atg ttt ctt gcg      645 Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Phe Val Asp Hi #s Pro Met Phe Leu Ala             165       #           170       #           175 aag gtc tgg ggg aaa act ggt ggg aag att ta #t ggt cct aac act gga      693 Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly Lys Ile Ty #r Gly Pro Asn Thr Gly         180           #       185           #       190 aca gac tat cag gac aat cag cta cgc ttc ag #c ttt cta tgc cag gca      741 Thr Asp Tyr Gln Asp Asn Gln Leu Arg Phe Se #r Phe Leu Cys Gln Ala     195               #   200               #   205 gca ttg gaa gct cct aga att cta aat ctc aa #c aac agt gat tct ttc      789 Ala Leu Glu Ala Pro Arg Ile Leu Asn Leu As #n Asn Ser Asp Ser Phe 210                 2 #15                 2 #20                 2 #25 tct ggt cct tat ggg gaa gat gtt atc ttc at #t tgc aat gat tgg cac      837 Ser Gly Pro Tyr Gly Glu Asp Val Ile Phe Il #e Cys Asn Asp Trp His                 230   #               235   #               240 act tct ctt ctg cca tgc tac tta aag agc at #g tac cat ccc cgt ggc      885 Thr Ser Leu Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu Lys Ser Me #t Tyr His Pro Arg Gly             245       #           250       #           255 att tac aag aac gcc aag gtt gct ttc tgc at #t cac aat ata tca tac      933 Ile Tyr Lys Asn Ala Lys Val Ala Phe Cys Il #e His Asn Ile Ser Tyr         260           #       265           #       270 caa ggt cga ttt tct ccc tca gac ttc gaa tt #t ctc aat ctt ccg gag      981 Gln Gly Arg Phe Ser Pro Ser Asp Phe Glu Ph #e Leu Asn Leu Pro Glu     275               #   280               #   285 aat ttc aaa tct tct ttc agt ttc att gat gg #g tac aac aag cct gtg     1029 Asn Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Ser Phe Ile Asp Gl #y Tyr Asn Lys Pro Val 290                 2 #95                 3 #00                 3 #05 aag gga atg aag ata aat tgg atg aag gca gg #a atc tta gaa tca gac     1077 Lys Gly Met Lys Ile Asn Trp Met Lys Ala Gl #y Ile Leu Glu Ser Asp                 310   #               315   #               320 agg gtg ttt aca gtg agt cca tat tat gca ca #a gag ctc ctt tca gga     1125 Arg Val Phe Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Tyr Ala Gl #n Glu Leu Leu Ser Gly             325       #           330       #           335 gaa gaa agg gga gtc gag ttg gac aac att tt #g cgt gtg acc agt atc     1173 Glu Glu Arg Gly Val Glu Leu Asp Asn Ile Le #u Arg Val Thr Ser Ile         340           #       345           #       350 aca gga att gtg aat gga atg gat gtt aat ga #g tgg aat cca tta aca     1221 Thr Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Met Asp Val Asn Gl #u Trp Asn Pro Leu Thr     355               #   360               #   365 gac aag tat att tct gtt aat tat gat gca aa #a cct gta atg gaa gca     1269 Asp Lys Tyr Ile Ser Val Asn Tyr Asp Ala Ly #s Pro Val Met Glu Ala 370                 3 #75                 3 #80                 3 #85 aag cct ctt aac aag gaa gca ttg caa gct ga #a agt tgg ctt gcc tgt     1317 Lys Pro Leu Asn Lys Glu Ala Leu Gln Ala Gl #u Ser Trp Leu Ala Cys                 390   #               395   #               400 aga cag gga cat ccc tgt aat tgt att cat gg #a aga cta gag gag cag     1365 Arg Gln Gly His Pro Cys Asn Cys Ile His Gl #y Arg Leu Glu Glu Gln             405       #           410       #           415 aaa gga tca gat att cta gca gca tcc att cc #a gag atc atg gat gag     1413 Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Ala Ser Ile Pr #o Glu Ile Met Asp Glu         420           #       425           #       430 aat gtt cag cta att att ctt gga act ggc aa #g aag gaa atg gag aat     1461 Asn Val Gln Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Thr Gly Ly #s Lys Glu Met Glu Asn     435               #   440               #   445 cag ctt gag agt atg gag gaa atg ttc ccg ga #c aag gtg agg gca gtt     1509 Gln Leu Glu Ser Met Glu Glu Met Phe Pro As #p Lys Val Arg Ala Val 450                 4 #55                 4 #60                 4 #65 atg aag ttc aat gct ccc tta gct cac cag at #g acg gcg gga gct gat     1557 Met Lys Phe Asn Ala Pro Leu Ala His Gln Me #t Thr Ala Gly Ala Asp                 470   #               475   #               480 ata att gtc att cca agt cga ttc gaa cca tg #c ggc ctt atc cag ttg     1605 Ile Ile Val Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pro Cy #s Gly Leu Ile Gln Leu             485       #           490       #           495 caa ggc atg caa tat gga acg cct tct gcg tg #t tcc tcc act ggt ggg     1653 Gln Gly Met Gln Tyr Gly Thr Pro Ser Ala Cy #s Ser Ser Thr Gly Gly         500           #       505           #       510 ctt gtg gac acg gtg aaa gaa ggc aaa act gg #a ttc cat atg gga cct     1701 Leu Val Asp Thr Val Lys Glu Gly Lys Thr Gl #y Phe His Met Gly Pro     515               #   520               #   525 ttc agt gct gaa tgc gaa gtg gtc gat ctt tc #t gat gta aag aaa gtt     1749 Phe Ser Ala Glu Cys Glu Val Val Asp Leu Se #r Asp Val Lys Lys Val 530                 5 #35                 5 #40                 5 #45 gtc aca act gtg aaa cgc gca ctt aag gtc at #c ggc aca cct gcc ttt     1797 Val Thr Thr Val Lys Arg Ala Leu Lys Val Il #e Gly Thr Pro Ala Phe                 550   #               555   #               560 gag gat atg atc aag aat tgc atg gca caa ga #c ctc tca tgg aag ggg     1845 Glu Asp Met Ile Lys Asn Cys Met Ala Gln As #p Leu Ser Trp Lys Gly             565       #           570       #           575 cct gca aag aac tgg gag caa gtt cta ctg aa #c ttg gga gtt gcg gga     1893 Pro Ala Lys Asn Trp Glu Gln Val Leu Leu As #n Leu Gly Val Ala Gly         580           #       585           #       590 agt gaa cca gga tat gat gga gaa gag att gt #t cct ctt gct aag gaa     1941 Ser Glu Pro Gly Tyr Asp Gly Glu Glu Ile Va #l Pro Leu Ala Lys Glu     595               #   600               #   605 aat gtg gca act cct tgaaattaaa cagctctata atctatgta #t aaaccttgcc     1996 Asn Val Ala Thr Pro 610 gtggaaaaac tgatgtcatt gtaagtctct tcaggtgttc tcctcagcag ga #ggaaagaa   2056 tatctactgc agaaagaact atataaatat atatatatat atgataagta at #atcttaat   2116 taagaactct ataattgctt gctttcacct cataattcgc tgaataaatc tc #tcgtactc   2176 ctattcctaa tttatgctgt atgttgtaaa tattgtgata caaatatagc ta #agtttcct   2236 tctaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa       #                   #   2274 <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 614 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 18 Met Ala Thr Val Thr Ala Ser Gln Phe Val Pr #o Lys Cys Leu Tyr Gly  1               5   #                10   #                15 Ser Ala Ala Asp Ser Asn Pro Arg Ala Phe Hi #s Asn Arg Lys Ile Ala             20       #            25       #            30 Asp Leu Lys Asn Gln Ala Thr Ala Tyr His Gl #y Leu Arg Ser Gln Asn         35           #        40           #        45 Ser Val Asp Leu Leu Gln Val Arg Thr Lys Al #a Lys Thr Thr Ser Lys     50               #    55               #    60 Gln Phe Lys Asn Gly Cys Ser Thr Val Asn Le #u Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Val Val Ile Cys Gly Lys Gly Met Asn Leu Va #l Phe Val Gly Ala Glu                 85   #                90   #                95 Met Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Leu Gl #y Asp Val Leu Gly Gly             100       #           105       #           110 Leu Pro Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly His Ar #g Val Met Val Ile Ala         115           #       120           #       125 Pro Arg Tyr Asp Gln Tyr Met Asp Ala Trp As #p Thr Asp Ala Leu Val     130               #   135               #   140 Glu Leu Lys Val Gly Asp Arg Cys Glu Thr Va #l Arg Phe Phe His Cys 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Tyr Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Phe Val As #p His Pro Met Phe Leu                 165   #               170   #               175 Ala Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly Lys Il #e Tyr Gly Pro Asn Thr             180       #           185       #           190 Gly Thr Asp Tyr Gln Asp Asn Gln Leu Arg Ph #e Ser Phe Leu Cys Gln         195           #       200           #       205 Ala Ala Leu Glu Ala Pro Arg Ile Leu Asn Le #u Asn Asn Ser Asp Ser     210               #   215               #   220 Phe Ser Gly Pro Tyr Gly Glu Asp Val Ile Ph #e Ile Cys Asn Asp Trp 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 His Thr Ser Leu Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu Lys Se #r Met Tyr His Pro Arg                 245   #               250   #               255 Gly Ile Tyr Lys Asn Ala Lys Val Ala Phe Cy #s Ile His Asn Ile Ser             260       #           265       #           270 Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ser Pro Ser Asp Phe Gl #u Phe Leu Asn Leu Pro         275           #       280           #       285 Glu Asn Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Ser Phe Ile As #p Gly Tyr Asn Lys Pro     290               #   295               #   300 Val Lys Gly Met Lys Ile Asn Trp Met Lys Al #a Gly Ile Leu Glu Ser 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Asp Arg Val Phe Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Tyr Al #a Gln Glu Leu Leu Ser                 325   #               330   #               335 Gly Glu Glu Arg Gly Val Glu Leu Asp Asn Il #e Leu Arg Val Thr Ser             340       #           345       #           350 Ile Thr Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Met Asp Val As #n Glu Trp Asn Pro Leu         355           #       360           #       365 Thr Asp Lys Tyr Ile Ser Val Asn Tyr Asp Al #a Lys Pro Val Met Glu     370               #   375               #   380 Ala Lys Pro Leu Asn Lys Glu Ala Leu Gln Al #a Glu Ser Trp Leu Ala 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Cys Arg Gln Gly His Pro Cys Asn Cys Ile Hi #s Gly Arg Leu Glu Glu                 405   #               410   #               415 Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Ala Ser Il #e Pro Glu Ile Met Asp             420       #           425       #           430 Glu Asn Val Gln Leu Ile Ile Leu Gly Thr Gl #y Lys Lys Glu Met Glu         435           #       440           #       445 Asn Gln Leu Glu Ser Met Glu Glu Met Phe Pr #o Asp Lys Val Arg Ala     450               #   455               #   460 Val Met Lys Phe Asn Ala Pro Leu Ala His Gl #n Met Thr Ala Gly Ala 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Asp Ile Ile Val Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pr #o Cys Gly Leu Ile Gln                 485   #               490   #               495 Leu Gln Gly Met Gln Tyr Gly Thr Pro Ser Al #a Cys Ser Ser Thr Gly             500       #           505       #           510 Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Val Lys Glu Gly Lys Th #r Gly Phe His Met Gly         515           #       520           #       525 Pro Phe Ser Ala Glu Cys Glu Val Val Asp Le #u Ser Asp Val Lys Lys     530               #   535               #   540 Val Val Thr Thr Val Lys Arg Ala Leu Lys Va #l Ile Gly Thr Pro Ala 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Phe Glu Asp Met Ile Lys Asn Cys Met Ala Gl #n Asp Leu Ser Trp Lys                 565   #               570   #               575 Gly Pro Ala Lys Asn Trp Glu Gln Val Leu Le #u Asn Leu Gly Val Ala             580       #           585       #           590 Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Tyr Asp Gly Glu Glu Il #e Val Pro Leu Ala Lys         595           #       600           #       605 Glu Asn Val Ala Thr Pro     610 <210> SEQ ID NO 19 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 19 atggctactg tgactgcatc acagt           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 20 tcaaggagtt gccacatttt cctta           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 2067 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Tulipa fosteriana <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (58)...(1857) <400> SEQUENCE: 21 ccaaaaccct aacaaggtac ttcctcacca actctctaat cctagcagag aa #ctcca atg    60                    #                   #                   #         Met                    #                   #                   #          1 gct acc acg acg gcc gct ccg cat ttc atc at #c tcc aag agt tgg tat      108 Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Pro His Phe Ile Il #e Ser Lys Ser Trp Tyr              5      #              10     #              15 gag ttg gag cca aaa ggg ttc atc aag agt tt #g agc aac cca tcc ccc      156 Glu Leu Glu Pro Lys Gly Phe Ile Lys Ser Le #u Ser Asn Pro Ser Pro          20          #         25          #         30 ggc ttc cgc ggt ctg aga cct ctg aag ccg gt #g ggt tcg ctg cag atg      204 Gly Phe Arg Gly Leu Arg Pro Leu Lys Pro Va #l Gly Ser Leu Gln Met      35              #     40              #     45 cga ctc aac acg aaa tca acc ccc aaa gtt gg #t agc tct gtc gtt gcg      252 Arg Leu Asn Thr Lys Ser Thr Pro Lys Val Gl #y Ser Ser Val Val Ala  50                  # 55                  # 60                  # 65 cct acg gtc gaa act aca ggg atg aac ctg gt #g ttc gtc ggg acc gag      300 Pro Thr Val Glu Thr Thr Gly Met Asn Leu Va #l Phe Val Gly Thr Glu                  70  #                 75  #                 80 acg ggt ccg tac agc aag acc ggc ggg ctc gg #g gat gtg cta gga ggg      348 Thr Gly Pro Tyr Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Leu Gl #y Asp Val Leu Gly Gly              85      #             90      #             95 tta ccg ccc gcc ctg gcg gcg aga ggg cat cg #g gtc atg gtt gtc act      396 Leu Pro Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Arg Gly His Ar #g Val Met Val Val Thr         100           #       105           #       110 ccg cgg tac gat cag tac aag gat gca tgg ga #c aca aac act gtg ctt      444 Pro Arg Tyr Asp Gln Tyr Lys Asp Ala Trp As #p Thr Asn Thr Val Leu     115               #   120               #   125 gag atc aaa gtc ggg gat aaa atg gag acg gt #t cgt ttc ttc cac ctc      492 Glu Ile Lys Val Gly Asp Lys Met Glu Thr Va #l Arg Phe Phe His Leu 130                 1 #35                 1 #40                 1 #45 cat aag agg ggg gtg gat agg gtg ttt att ga #t cac cct tgg ttt ctt      540 His Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Phe Ile As #p His Pro Trp Phe Leu                 150   #               155   #               160 gag aag gtt tgg ggg aaa acc ggt ggg aaa tt #g tat ggt cct gtt act      588 Glu Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly Lys Le #u Tyr Gly Pro Val Thr             165       #           170       #           175 gga act gat tat gat gat aac cag cta cgg tt #c agt ctt ctg tgt cag      636 Gly Thr Asp Tyr Asp Asp Asn Gln Leu Arg Ph #e Ser Leu Leu Cys Gln         180           #       185           #       190 gct gct ttg gag gct cca aga gtt cta aat ct #c aac aac agt aaa tat      684 Ala Ala Leu Glu Ala Pro Arg Val Leu Asn Le #u Asn Asn Ser Lys Tyr     195               #   200               #   205 ttt tct gga cca tat ggt gaa gat gtc gtt tt #t att gcg aac gat tgg      732 Phe Ser Gly Pro Tyr Gly Glu Asp Val Val Ph #e Ile Ala Asn Asp Trp 210                 2 #15                 2 #20                 2 #25 cac act gga cct ctt cca tgc tac ttg aag ag #t gtg tat aaa tca gaa      780 His Thr Gly Pro Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu Lys Se #r Val Tyr Lys Ser Glu                 230   #               235   #               240 gga tta tat gag agt gcc aag gtt gcc ttt tg #c att cat aat atg gca      828 Gly Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ala Lys Val Ala Phe Cy #s Ile His Asn Met Ala             245       #           250       #           255 tac caa ggc aga ttc gcc ttt cct gat ttc tc #g ctt ctc aac ctt cca      876 Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Pro Asp Phe Se #r Leu Leu Asn Leu Pro         260           #       265           #       270 gac aca ttt aaa tcc tcg ttt gat ttc ttc ga #t gga tat aca aaa cct      924 Asp Thr Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Asp Phe Phe As #p Gly Tyr Thr Lys Pro     275               #   280               #   285 gtg aaa ggt aga aaa ata aat tgg atg aag gc #t gga ata ttg gaa gcg      972 Val Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Asn Trp Met Lys Al #a Gly Ile Leu Glu Ala 290                 2 #95                 3 #00                 3 #05 gac act gtt gta act gtg agc ccg tat tat gc #t aaa gag ctc gtc tct     1020 Asp Thr Val Val Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Tyr Al #a Lys Glu Leu Val Ser                 310   #               315   #               320 gga gaa gat aga ggt gtc gag ttg gac aac gt #t ctg cgc ttg agg ggc     1068 Gly Glu Asp Arg Gly Val Glu Leu Asp Asn Va #l Leu Arg Leu Arg Gly             325       #           330       #           335 gtc aaa gga att gtg aat ggg atg gat act aa #t gtg tgg aat cca ttg     1116 Val Lys Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Met Asp Thr As #n Val Trp Asn Pro Leu         340           #       345           #       350 aca gac aaa ttt atc act gca aat tac gat gc #a aca atg gta aca gag     1164 Thr Asp Lys Phe Ile Thr Ala Asn Tyr Asp Al #a Thr Met Val Thr Glu     355               #   360               #   365 gca aaa cgt gtt aat aag caa gaa tta caa gc #a gaa gtt ggc ttg cct     1212 Ala Lys Arg Val Asn Lys Gln Glu Leu Gln Al #a Glu Val Gly Leu Pro 370                 3 #75                 3 #80                 3 #85 gta gat cca gac att cct gtt ata gtt ttt gt #t gga agg ctg gag gag     1260 Val Asp Pro Asp Ile Pro Val Ile Val Phe Va #l Gly Arg Leu Glu Glu                 390   #               395   #               400 cag aaa ggt tca gat att cta gct gca gca at #t cca gaa tta atg gat     1308 Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Ala Ala Il #e Pro Glu Leu Met Asp             405       #           410       #           415 gag aac gtt cag atc ata att ctt gga act gg #c aag aaa cac ctc gaa     1356 Glu Asn Val Gln Ile Ile Ile Leu Gly Thr Gl #y Lys Lys His Leu Glu         420           #       425           #       430 aag gag ctt gaa gaa ata gaa gaa caa ttt cc #a gac aag atg aga ctt     1404 Lys Glu Leu Glu Glu Ile Glu Glu Gln Phe Pr #o Asp Lys Met Arg Leu     435               #   440               #   445 gtt gcg aaa ttc aat gtt ccg ttg gct cat at #g atg atg gct gga ggt     1452 Val Ala Lys Phe Asn Val Pro Leu Ala His Me #t Met Met Ala Gly Gly 450                 4 #55                 4 #60                 4 #65 gat ttt ata ata att cct agt aga ttt gag cc #g tgt ggg ctt att cag     1500 Asp Phe Ile Ile Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pr #o Cys Gly Leu Ile Gln                 470   #               475   #               480 ctt gaa ggc atg aaa tat ggg atg cca gcc at #a tgt tcc acc acc ggt     1548 Leu Glu Gly Met Lys Tyr Gly Met Pro Ala Il #e Cys Ser Thr Thr Gly             485       #           490       #           495 ggt ctt gta gac aca atc agg gaa ggc ttc ac #c gga ttt cac atg ggt     1596 Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Ile Arg Glu Gly Phe Th #r Gly Phe His Met Gly         500           #       505           #       510 gcc ttc act gtt gag tgt gaa act gtt gat cc #g gtg gat gtg gcg gga     1644 Ala Phe Thr Val Glu Cys Glu Thr Val Asp Pr #o Val Asp Val Ala Gly     515               #   520               #   525 att gtt aaa act gta aag agg gcc ctt aag gt #c tat gga act cca gcc     1692 Ile Val Lys Thr Val Lys Arg Ala Leu Lys Va #l Tyr Gly Thr Pro Ala 530                 5 #35                 5 #40                 5 #45 ttc agc gaa atg gtt cag aac tgc atg gct ca #a gat cac tca tgg aag     1740 Phe Ser Glu Met Val Gln Asn Cys Met Ala Gl #n Asp His Ser Trp Lys                 550   #               555   #               560 gaa cct gca aaa aaa tgg gaa gag cta ctc ct #g gga ctg gaa gtc gac     1788 Glu Pro Ala Lys Lys Trp Glu Glu Leu Leu Le #u Gly Leu Glu Val Asp             565       #           570       #           575 ggc agc gaa cct ggg ttt gat ggg gag gaa at #t gct cct ctt gca aag     1836 Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Phe Asp Gly Glu Glu Il #e Ala Pro Leu Ala Lys         580           #       585           #       590 gaa aat gtg gct gct cca ttc tagtgatctg tatgccgtc #t tcaagccatc        1887 Glu Asn Val Ala Ala Pro Phe     595               #   600 tcatgctaac atccttgagt cataaattta tgtattagtg agcccttccc tt #atgttcag   1947 tgcttctatg ttagtggtgt atcattcatg agatgtataa tttctcgtgg aa #gtccagac   2007 ttgtaagaat aatctctttg ataaggcatg cagatcggat ataaaaaaaa aa #aaaaaaaa   2067 <210> SEQ ID NO 22 <211> LENGTH: 600 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Tulipa fosteriana <400> SEQUENCE: 22 Met Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Pro His Phe Il #e Ile Ser Lys Ser Trp  1               5   #                10   #                15 Tyr Glu Leu Glu Pro Lys Gly Phe Ile Lys Se #r Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser             20       #            25       #            30 Pro Gly Phe Arg Gly Leu Arg Pro Leu Lys Pr #o Val Gly Ser Leu Gln         35           #        40           #        45 Met Arg Leu Asn Thr Lys Ser Thr Pro Lys Va #l Gly Ser Ser Val Val     50               #    55               #    60 Ala Pro Thr Val Glu Thr Thr Gly Met Asn Le #u Val Phe Val Gly Thr 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Glu Thr Gly Pro Tyr Ser Lys Thr Gly Gly Le #u Gly Asp Val Leu Gly                 85   #                90   #                95 Gly Leu Pro Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Arg Gly Hi #s Arg Val Met Val Val             100       #           105       #           110 Thr Pro Arg Tyr Asp Gln Tyr Lys Asp Ala Tr #p Asp Thr Asn Thr Val         115           #       120           #       125 Leu Glu Ile Lys Val Gly Asp Lys Met Glu Th #r Val Arg Phe Phe His     130               #   135               #   140 Leu His Lys Arg Gly Val Asp Arg Val Phe Il #e Asp His Pro Trp Phe 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Leu Glu Lys Val Trp Gly Lys Thr Gly Gly Ly #s Leu Tyr Gly Pro Val                 165   #               170   #               175 Thr Gly Thr Asp Tyr Asp Asp Asn Gln Leu Ar #g Phe Ser Leu Leu Cys             180       #           185       #           190 Gln Ala Ala Leu Glu Ala Pro Arg Val Leu As #n Leu Asn Asn Ser Lys         195           #       200           #       205 Tyr Phe Ser Gly Pro Tyr Gly Glu Asp Val Va #l Phe Ile Ala Asn Asp     210               #   215               #   220 Trp His Thr Gly Pro Leu Pro Cys Tyr Leu Ly #s Ser Val Tyr Lys Ser 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Glu Gly Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ala Lys Val Ala Ph #e Cys Ile His Asn Met                 245   #               250   #               255 Ala Tyr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Phe Pro Asp Ph #e Ser Leu Leu Asn Leu             260       #           265       #           270 Pro Asp Thr Phe Lys Ser Ser Phe Asp Phe Ph #e Asp Gly Tyr Thr Lys         275           #       280           #       285 Pro Val Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Asn Trp Met Ly #s Ala Gly Ile Leu Glu     290               #   295               #   300 Ala Asp Thr Val Val Thr Val Ser Pro Tyr Ty #r Ala Lys Glu Leu Val 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Ser Gly Glu Asp Arg Gly Val Glu Leu Asp As #n Val Leu Arg Leu Arg                 325   #               330   #               335 Gly Val Lys Gly Ile Val Asn Gly Met Asp Th #r Asn Val Trp Asn Pro             340       #           345       #           350 Leu Thr Asp Lys Phe Ile Thr Ala Asn Tyr As #p Ala Thr Met Val Thr         355           #       360           #       365 Glu Ala Lys Arg Val Asn Lys Gln Glu Leu Gl #n Ala Glu Val Gly Leu     370               #   375               #   380 Pro Val Asp Pro Asp Ile Pro Val Ile Val Ph #e Val Gly Arg Leu Glu 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Glu Gln Lys Gly Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Ala Al #a Ile Pro Glu Leu Met                 405   #               410   #               415 Asp Glu Asn Val Gln Ile Ile Ile Leu Gly Th #r Gly Lys Lys His Leu             420       #           425       #           430 Glu Lys Glu Leu Glu Glu Ile Glu Glu Gln Ph #e Pro Asp Lys Met Arg         435           #       440           #       445 Leu Val Ala Lys Phe Asn Val Pro Leu Ala Hi #s Met Met Met Ala Gly     450               #   455               #   460 Gly Asp Phe Ile Ile Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Gl #u Pro Cys Gly Leu Ile 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Gln Leu Glu Gly Met Lys Tyr Gly Met Pro Al #a Ile Cys Ser Thr Thr                 485   #               490   #               495 Gly Gly Leu Val Asp Thr Ile Arg Glu Gly Ph #e Thr Gly Phe His Met             500       #           505       #           510 Gly Ala Phe Thr Val Glu Cys Glu Thr Val As #p Pro Val Asp Val Ala         515           #       520           #       525 Gly Ile Val Lys Thr Val Lys Arg Ala Leu Ly #s Val Tyr Gly Thr Pro     530               #   535               #   540 Ala Phe Ser Glu Met Val Gln Asn Cys Met Al #a Gln Asp His Ser Trp 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Lys Glu Pro Ala Lys Lys Trp Glu Glu Leu Le #u Leu Gly Leu Glu Val                 565   #               570   #               575 Asp Gly Ser Glu Pro Gly Phe Asp Gly Glu Gl #u Ile Ala Pro Leu Ala             580       #           585       #           590 Lys Glu Asn Val Ala Ala Pro Phe         595           #       600 <210> SEQ ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Tulipa fosteriana <400> SEQUENCE: 23 atggctacca cgacggccgc tccgc           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Tulipa fosteriana <400> SEQUENCE: 24 ctagaatgga gcagccacat tttcc           #                   #               25 <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 2418 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1)...(2418) <400> SEQUENCE: 25 atg agt gtt ggt aaa gcc agg tct ttt aga gt #c aga aag cgt gaa agc       48 Met Ser Val Gly Lys Ala Arg Ser Phe Arg Va #l Arg Lys Arg Glu Ser  1               5   #                 10  #                 15 ttg gtg ggt ctg cga gcc act ggg aaa agt gg #t agc ttt gaa gag gaa       96 Leu Val Gly Leu Arg Ala Thr Gly Lys Ser Gl #y Ser Phe Glu Glu Glu              20      #             25      #             30 ggg gag gag aga gag ggt gtt ggt cgt gcg gg #t gtt ggt gat gat gct      144 Gly Glu Glu Arg Glu Gly Val Gly Arg Ala Gl #y Val Gly Asp Asp Ala          35          #         40          #         45 ctt cgt gca acg att gat aag agc aat gag at #t ctt gca atc cac agt      192 Leu Arg Ala Thr Ile Asp Lys Ser Asn Glu Il #e Leu Ala Ile His Ser      50              #     55              #     60 aac cta ctt caa cag att gca aaa aga aag aa #t att gtt tca tca atc      240 Asn Leu Leu Gln Gln Ile Ala Lys Arg Lys As #n Ile Val Ser Ser Ile  65                  # 70                  # 75                  # 80 aga agt gac gta act aag gaa gaa aat gat tc #a agt tct tat gtt gag      288 Arg Ser Asp Val Thr Lys Glu Glu Asn Asp Se #r Ser Ser Tyr Val Glu                  85  #                 90  #                 95 aag gaa aat ttg gag cca agc agt gga gag ca #a aat ggg aag tac aaa      336 Lys Glu Asn Leu Glu Pro Ser Ser Gly Glu Gl #n Asn Gly Lys Tyr Lys             100       #           105       #           110 agc ggc gcc gtt cct aat aat tat tcc caa tt #g gct caa gat gat aca      384 Ser Gly Ala Val Pro Asn Asn Tyr Ser Gln Le #u Ala Gln Asp Asp Thr         115           #       120           #       125 tct gag aat cca ctt gtt aat tcc ttt gga gg #t tct cca aaa gat aac      432 Ser Glu Asn Pro Leu Val Asn Ser Phe Gly Gl #y Ser Pro Lys Asp Asn     130               #   135               #   140 gta gaa gct gtt gaa ttt cag gtg aga caa tc #a gca gta gat gct ttt      480 Val Glu Ala Val Glu Phe Gln Val Arg Gln Se #r Ala Val Asp Ala Phe 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 gga aga cct gaa gaa ccc agt ttg ggg acg ac #g aag att ctc tca cca      528 Gly Arg Pro Glu Glu Pro Ser Leu Gly Thr Th #r Lys Ile Leu Ser Pro                 165   #               170   #               175 ttt tat ctt gaa gct gaa tct gat ggt gct aa #a gaa gag aat gct gaa      576 Phe Tyr Leu Glu Ala Glu Ser Asp Gly Ala Ly #s Glu Glu Asn Ala Glu             180       #           185       #           190 gat ctt gta gaa gca aaa ttg gat agt gta ca #t gtc aaa gat gat ttg      624 Asp Leu Val Glu Ala Lys Leu Asp Ser Val Hi #s Val Lys Asp Asp Leu         195           #       200           #       205 aat cct ggg gaa gaa aat gag gtt cct ctt cc #t ttg gct ggg gca aat      672 Asn Pro Gly Glu Glu Asn Glu Val Pro Leu Pr #o Leu Ala Gly Ala Asn     210               #   215               #   220 gtc atg aac atc ata gta gtt gct gca gaa tg #t gct cct tgg tcc aaa      720 Val Met Asn Ile Ile Val Val Ala Ala Glu Cy #s Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 aca ggt ggg ctt gga gat gtt gca gga gca tt #g ccg aag gct ttg gcc      768 Thr Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Val Ala Gly Ala Le #u Pro Lys Ala Leu Ala                 245   #               250   #               255 aga aga gga cat agg gtc atg gtt gtg gca cc #a agg tat gga aac tat      816 Arg Arg Gly His Arg Val Met Val Val Ala Pr #o Arg Tyr Gly Asn Tyr             260       #           265       #           270 gct gaa ccc caa gat ata gga gtc cgc aaa ta #c tac aag gtt cat ggg      864 Ala Glu Pro Gln Asp Ile Gly Val Arg Lys Ty #r Tyr Lys Val His Gly         275           #       280           #       285 cag gat atg gaa gta act tat ttc cat gct ta #t atc gac ggt gtg gat      912 Gln Asp Met Glu Val Thr Tyr Phe His Ala Ty #r Ile Asp Gly Val Asp     290               #   295               #   300 ttt gtt ttt atg gat agt cca gac ttc cgt ca #c cgg ggg aat cgt att      960 Phe Val Phe Met Asp Ser Pro Asp Phe Arg Hi #s Arg Gly Asn Arg Ile 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 tat gag gga aac cga gtg gat atc tta aaa cg #t atg att ttg ttc tgc     1008 Tyr Glu Gly Asn Arg Val Asp Ile Leu Lys Ar #g Met Ile Leu Phe Cys                 325   #               330   #               335 aag gca gct gta gag gtt cct tgg cat gtt cc #a tgt ggt ggc ttc tgt     1056 Lys Ala Ala Val Glu Val Pro Trp His Val Pr #o Cys Gly Gly Phe Cys             340       #           345       #           350 tat gga gat ggt aat ttg gct ttc atc acg aa #t gat tgg cat act gct     1104 Tyr Gly Asp Gly Asn Leu Ala Phe Ile Thr As #n Asp Trp His Thr Ala         355           #       360           #       365 ctc ttg cct gtt tat ctg aag gca tat tat cg #t gac aat ggc ttg atg     1152 Leu Leu Pro Val Tyr Leu Lys Ala Tyr Tyr Ar #g Asp Asn Gly Leu Met     370               #   375               #   380 aaa tat gct cgg tct gtt ctg gta ata cac aa #c ata gcc cac cag ggt     1200 Lys Tyr Ala Arg Ser Val Leu Val Ile His As #n Ile Ala His Gln Gly 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 cgt ggt cct gta gat gac ttc aaa ttt gtg gg #c ttg ccg gat cac tac     1248 Arg Gly Pro Val Asp Asp Phe Lys Phe Val Gl #y Leu Pro Asp His Tyr                 405   #               410   #               415 ttg gac ctt ttc aga ttg tat gac ccc gtc gg #a ggt gaa cac ctc aat     1296 Leu Asp Leu Phe Arg Leu Tyr Asp Pro Val Gl #y Gly Glu His Leu Asn             420       #           425       #           430 att ttt gct gct ggc ctg aag act gct gac cg #a gtg gtt act gtt agc     1344 Ile Phe Ala Ala Gly Leu Lys Thr Ala Asp Ar #g Val Val Thr Val Ser         435           #       440           #       445 cat ggt tat gca tgg gag ctg aaa aca tca ga #a ggt ggt tgg ggc cta     1392 His Gly Tyr Ala Trp Glu Leu Lys Thr Ser Gl #u Gly Gly Trp Gly Leu     450               #   455               #   460 cat gaa att ata aat gaa agt aac tgg aag tt #t caa ggt att gta aat     1440 His Glu Ile Ile Asn Glu Ser Asn Trp Lys Ph #e Gln Gly Ile Val Asn 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 ggc att gat gca aag gag tgg agc ccc gaa tt #t gat gtg cac ctt aaa     1488 Gly Ile Asp Ala Lys Glu Trp Ser Pro Glu Ph #e Asp Val His Leu Lys                 485   #               490   #               495 tcc gat gga tac aca aat tat tct cta gat ac #t tta gag atg ggt aag     1536 Ser Asp Gly Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser Leu Asp Th #r Leu Glu Met Gly Lys             500       #           505       #           510 cca gta tgt aag gct gct ttg cag cga gag gt #c ggt ctg cct gtt cgt     1584 Pro Val Cys Lys Ala Ala Leu Gln Arg Glu Va #l Gly Leu Pro Val Arg         515           #       520           #       525 gat aat gta ccc atc att gca ttc att gga ag #g tta gac cac cag aaa     1632 Asp Asn Val Pro Ile Ile Ala Phe Ile Gly Ar #g Leu Asp His Gln Lys     530               #   535               #   540 ggc gtc gat ctc att gcc gag gcc atg cct tg #g att gtc agt cat gat     1680 Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Ala Glu Ala Met Pro Tr #p Ile Val Ser His Asp 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 gtt caa gta gtc atg tta ggc acg ggg agg ca #a gac ctt gag aat tta     1728 Val Gln Val Val Met Leu Gly Thr Gly Arg Gl #n Asp Leu Glu Asn Leu                 565   #               570   #               575 ctg agg aac ttt gag ggt caa cac agg gac aa #a gtt aga gca tgg gtt     1776 Leu Arg Asn Phe Glu Gly Gln His Arg Asp Ly #s Val Arg Ala Trp Val             580       #           585       #           590 gca ttt tca gta aag atg gcg cat aga att ac #a gca ggt gcc gac atc     1824 Ala Phe Ser Val Lys Met Ala His Arg Ile Th #r Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile         595           #       600           #       605 ctc atg atg cct tcg agg ttt gag cca tgc gg #a ttg aac cag ctt tac     1872 Leu Met Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pro Cys Gl #y Leu Asn Gln Leu Tyr     610               #   615               #   620 gca atg atg tat gga acc att cca gtg gtg ca #t gct gtt ggg ggc ctt     1920 Ala Met Met Tyr Gly Thr Ile Pro Val Val Hi #s Ala Val Gly Gly Leu 625                 6 #30                 6 #35                 6 #40 aga gat aca gtg act caa ttt gat cct ttc aa #c gag tct ggt ctt ggt     1968 Arg Asp Thr Val Thr Gln Phe Asp Pro Phe As #n Glu Ser Gly Leu Gly                 645   #               650   #               655 tgg acc ttc gac agg gca gag gca gga aag ct #g atc cat gca ttg aat     2016 Trp Thr Phe Asp Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Le #u Ile His Ala Leu Asn             660       #           665       #           670 aac tgc ttg aat aca tac tgg aat tac aag ga #c agt tgg aag ggt ctt     2064 Asn Cys Leu Asn Thr Tyr Trp Asn Tyr Lys As #p Ser Trp Lys Gly Leu         675           #       680           #       685 caa aca aga ggg atg atg caa gat ctt agc tg #g gat aat gct gct cag     2112 Gln Thr Arg Gly Met Met Gln Asp Leu Ser Tr #p Asp Asn Ala Ala Gln     690               #   695               #   700 caa tac gag gat gtc ctt gtt gca gcc aag ta #c caa tgg tga ttc ttc     2160 Gln Tyr Glu Asp Val Leu Val Ala Ala Lys Ty #r Gln Trp  *  Phe Phe 705                 7 #10                 7 #15 tcc atc aca tgt gtg tta att gag atc tat cg #a gag atg atg ata atg     2208 Ser Ile Thr Cys Val Leu Ile Glu Ile Tyr Ar #g Glu Met Met Ile Met 720                 7 #25                 7 #30                 7 #35 gtc tat atg tga gat cat agt ttc aga tat gc #g gca gca tgc aaa tag     2256 Val Tyr Met  *  Asp His Ser Phe Arg Tyr # Ala Ala Ala Cys Lys  *                    #  740                #  745 atg aaa ttt ttt tgg ctc atg ctg gaa cat gt #a aat tgt ttc tct ttt     2304 Met Lys Phe Phe Trp Leu Met Leu Glu His Va #l Asn Cys Phe Ser Phe 750                 7 #55                 7 #60                 7 #65 ttt cca ttt ttg ccc tgc act ctg tac aga gg #a agg agg aaa caa ttg     2352 Phe Pro Phe Leu Pro Cys Thr Leu Tyr Arg Gl #y Arg Arg Lys Gln Leu                 770   #               775   #               780 ctg aaa act gtg gag gtc tgt gta ccc tat at #t tct agc ttt tat taa     2400 Leu Lys Thr Val Glu Val Cys Val Pro Tyr Il #e Ser Ser Phe Tyr  *             785       #           790       #           795 tgc aag tag ttc ttc gtt          #                   #                   #2418 Cys Lys  *  Phe Phe Val                 800 <210> SEQ ID NO 26 <211> LENGTH: 801 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 26 Met Ser Val Gly Lys Ala Arg Ser Phe Arg Va #l Arg Lys Arg Glu Ser  1               5   #                10   #                15 Leu Val Gly Leu Arg Ala Thr Gly Lys Ser Gl #y Ser Phe Glu Glu Glu             20       #            25       #            30 Gly Glu Glu Arg Glu Gly Val Gly Arg Ala Gl #y Val Gly Asp Asp Ala         35           #        40           #        45 Leu Arg Ala Thr Ile Asp Lys Ser Asn Glu Il #e Leu Ala Ile His Ser     50               #    55               #    60 Asn Leu Leu Gln Gln Ile Ala Lys Arg Lys As #n Ile Val Ser Ser Ile 65                   #70                   #75                   #80 Arg Ser Asp Val Thr Lys Glu Glu Asn Asp Se #r Ser Ser Tyr Val Glu                 85   #                90   #                95 Lys Glu Asn Leu Glu Pro Ser Ser Gly Glu Gl #n Asn Gly Lys Tyr Lys             100       #           105       #           110 Ser Gly Ala Val Pro Asn Asn Tyr Ser Gln Le #u Ala Gln Asp Asp Thr         115           #       120           #       125 Ser Glu Asn Pro Leu Val Asn Ser Phe Gly Gl #y Ser Pro Lys Asp Asn     130               #   135               #   140 Val Glu Ala Val Glu Phe Gln Val Arg Gln Se #r Ala Val Asp Ala Phe 145                 1 #50                 1 #55                 1 #60 Gly Arg Pro Glu Glu Pro Ser Leu Gly Thr Th #r Lys Ile Leu Ser Pro                 165   #               170   #               175 Phe Tyr Leu Glu Ala Glu Ser Asp Gly Ala Ly #s Glu Glu Asn Ala Glu             180       #           185       #           190 Asp Leu Val Glu Ala Lys Leu Asp Ser Val Hi #s Val Lys Asp Asp Leu         195           #       200           #       205 Asn Pro Gly Glu Glu Asn Glu Val Pro Leu Pr #o Leu Ala Gly Ala Asn     210               #   215               #   220 Val Met Asn Ile Ile Val Val Ala Ala Glu Cy #s Ala Pro Trp Ser Lys 225                 2 #30                 2 #35                 2 #40 Thr Gly Gly Leu Gly Asp Val Ala Gly Ala Le #u Pro Lys Ala Leu Ala                 245   #               250   #               255 Arg Arg Gly His Arg Val Met Val Val Ala Pr #o Arg Tyr Gly Asn Tyr             260       #           265       #           270 Ala Glu Pro Gln Asp Ile Gly Val Arg Lys Ty #r Tyr Lys Val His Gly         275           #       280           #       285 Gln Asp Met Glu Val Thr Tyr Phe His Ala Ty #r Ile Asp Gly Val Asp     290               #   295               #   300 Phe Val Phe Met Asp Ser Pro Asp Phe Arg Hi #s Arg Gly Asn Arg Ile 305                 3 #10                 3 #15                 3 #20 Tyr Glu Gly Asn Arg Val Asp Ile Leu Lys Ar #g Met Ile Leu Phe Cys                 325   #               330   #               335 Lys Ala Ala Val Glu Val Pro Trp His Val Pr #o Cys Gly Gly Phe Cys             340       #           345       #           350 Tyr Gly Asp Gly Asn Leu Ala Phe Ile Thr As #n Asp Trp His Thr Ala         355           #       360           #       365 Leu Leu Pro Val Tyr Leu Lys Ala Tyr Tyr Ar #g Asp Asn Gly Leu Met     370               #   375               #   380 Lys Tyr Ala Arg Ser Val Leu Val Ile His As #n Ile Ala His Gln Gly 385                 3 #90                 3 #95                 4 #00 Arg Gly Pro Val Asp Asp Phe Lys Phe Val Gl #y Leu Pro Asp His Tyr                 405   #               410   #               415 Leu Asp Leu Phe Arg Leu Tyr Asp Pro Val Gl #y Gly Glu His Leu Asn             420       #           425       #           430 Ile Phe Ala Ala Gly Leu Lys Thr Ala Asp Ar #g Val Val Thr Val Ser         435           #       440           #       445 His Gly Tyr Ala Trp Glu Leu Lys Thr Ser Gl #u Gly Gly Trp Gly Leu     450               #   455               #   460 His Glu Ile Ile Asn Glu Ser Asn Trp Lys Ph #e Gln Gly Ile Val Asn 465                 4 #70                 4 #75                 4 #80 Gly Ile Asp Ala Lys Glu Trp Ser Pro Glu Ph #e Asp Val His Leu Lys                 485   #               490   #               495 Ser Asp Gly Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ser Leu Asp Th #r Leu Glu Met Gly Lys             500       #           505       #           510 Pro Val Cys Lys Ala Ala Leu Gln Arg Glu Va #l Gly Leu Pro Val Arg         515           #       520           #       525 Asp Asn Val Pro Ile Ile Ala Phe Ile Gly Ar #g Leu Asp His Gln Lys     530               #   535               #   540 Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Ala Glu Ala Met Pro Tr #p Ile Val Ser His Asp 545                 5 #50                 5 #55                 5 #60 Val Gln Val Val Met Leu Gly Thr Gly Arg Gl #n Asp Leu Glu Asn Leu                 565   #               570   #               575 Leu Arg Asn Phe Glu Gly Gln His Arg Asp Ly #s Val Arg Ala Trp Val             580       #           585       #           590 Ala Phe Ser Val Lys Met Ala His Arg Ile Th #r Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile         595           #       600           #       605 Leu Met Met Pro Ser Arg Phe Glu Pro Cys Gl #y Leu Asn Gln Leu Tyr     610               #   615               #   620 Ala Met Met Tyr Gly Thr Ile Pro Val Val Hi #s Ala Val Gly Gly Leu 625                 6 #30                 6 #35                 6 #40 Arg Asp Thr Val Thr Gln Phe Asp Pro Phe As #n Glu Ser Gly Leu Gly                 645   #               650   #               655 Trp Thr Phe Asp Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Le #u Ile His Ala Leu Asn             660       #           665       #           670 Asn Cys Leu Asn Thr Tyr Trp Asn Tyr Lys As #p Ser Trp Lys Gly Leu         675           #       680           #       685 Gln Thr Arg Gly Met Met Gln Asp Leu Ser Tr #p Asp Asn Ala Ala Gln     690               #   695               #   700 Gln Tyr Glu Asp Val Leu Val Ala Ala Lys Ty #r Gln Trp Phe Phe Ser 705                 7 #10                 7 #15                 7 #20 Ile Thr Cys Val Leu Ile Glu Ile Tyr Arg Gl #u Met Met Ile Met Val                 725   #               730   #               735 Tyr Met Asp His Ser Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Al #a Cys Lys Met Lys Phe             740       #           745       #           750 Phe Trp Leu Met Leu Glu His Val Asn Cys Ph #e Ser Phe Phe Pro Phe         755           #       760           #       765 Leu Pro Cys Thr Leu Tyr Arg Gly Arg Arg Ly #s Gln Leu Leu Lys Thr     770               #   775               #   780 Val Glu Val Cys Val Pro Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ph #e Tyr Cys Lys Phe Phe 785                 7 #90                 7 #95                 8 #00 Val <210> SEQ ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 23 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 27 atgagtgttg gtaaagccag gtc            #                   #                23 <210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 24 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Typha latifolia <400> SEQUENCE: 28 tcaccattgg tacttggctg caac           #                   #                24 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide of either one of SEQ ID NOS: 2 or
 6. 2. A vector comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim
 1. 3. An expression cassette comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim 1 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the nucleic acid is in sense or antisense orientation.
 4. A non-human host cell into which is introduced at least one expression cassette of claim
 3. 5. The host cell of claim 4 that is a plant cell.
 6. A transgenic plant comprising at least one expression cassette of claim
 3. 7. The transgenic plant of claim 6, wherein the plant is maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 8. A seed from the transgenic plant of claim 6, wherein the seed comprises the expression cassette.
 9. The seed of claim 8, wherein the seed is from maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 10. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide having at least 73% sequence identity to either one of SEQ ID NOS:1 or 5, or a complement thereof, wherein the % sequence identity is based on the entire coding sequence and is determined by BLAST 2.0 using default parameters, wherein said polynucleotide encodes a starch synthase.
 11. A vector comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim
 10. 12. An expression cassette comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim 10 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the nucleic acid is in sense or antisense orientation.
 13. A host cell into which is introduced at least one expression cassette of claim
 12. 14. A transgenic plant comprising at least one expression cassette of claim
 12. 15. A seed from the transgenic plant of claim 14, wherein the seed comprises the expression cassette.
 16. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide which hybridizes under high stringency conditions to a polynucleotide having the sequence set forth in either one of SEQ ID NOS:1 or
 5. 17. A vector comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim
 16. 18. An expression cassette comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim 16 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the nucleic acid is in sense or antisense orientation.
 19. A non-human host cell into which is introduced at least one expression cassette of claim
 18. 20. A transgenic plant comprising at least one expression cassette of claim
 18. 21. A seed from the transgenic plant of claim 20, wherein the seed comprises the expression cassette.
 22. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide comprising the sequence set forth in either one of SEQ ID NOS:1 or 5, or a complement thereof.
 23. A vector comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim
 22. 24. An expression cassette comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim 22 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the nucleic acid is in sense or antisense orientation.
 25. A host cell into which is introduced at least one expression cassette of claim
 24. 26. A transgenic plant comprising at least one expression cassette of claim
 24. 27. The transgenic plant of claim 26, wherein the plant is maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 28. A seed from the transgenic plant of claim 26, wherein the seed comprises the expression cassette.
 29. The seed of claim 28, wherein the seed is from maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 30. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide encoding a starch synthase from Cucurma zeodaria or a complement thereof.
 31. A vector comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim
 30. 32. An expression cassette comprising at least one nucleic acid of claim 30 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the nucleic acid is in sense or antisense orientation.
 33. A non-human host cell into which is introduced at least one expression cassette of claim
 32. 34. The host cell of claim 33 that is a plant cell.
 35. A transgenic plant comprising at least one expression cassette of claim
 32. 36. The transgenic plant of claim 35, wherein the plant is maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 37. A seed from the transgenic plant of claim 36, wherein the seed comprises the expression cassette.
 38. The seed of claim 37, wherein the seed is from maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 39. A method for modulating the level of starch synthase protein in a plant, comprising: (a) stably transforming a plant cell with a starch synthase polynucleotide of claim 1 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the polynucleotide is in sense or antisense orientation (b) growing the plant cell under plant growing conditions to produce a regenerated plant capable of expressing the polynucleotide for a time sufficient to modulate the level of starch synthase protein in the plant.
 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the plant is maize, soybean, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, rice, cassava, potato, Arabidopsis, tomato, pepper, apple, spinach, or lettuce.
 41. The method of claim 39, wherein starch synthase protein is increased.
 42. The method of claim 39, wherein starch synthase protein is decreased.
 43. A method for modulating the morphology and/or amount of starch in a plant, comprising: (a) stably transforming a plant cell with a starch synthase polynucleotide of claim 1 operably linked to a promoter, wherein the polynucleotide is in sense or antisense orientation; (b) growing the plant cell under plant growing conditions to produce a regenerated plant capable of expressing the polynucleotide for a time sufficient to modulate the morphology and/or amount of starch in the plant.
 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered degree of crystallinity.
 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered temperature of gelatinization.
 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered density.
 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered digestibility.
 48. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered level of covalently bound phosphate.
 49. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered branching patterns.
 50. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered degree of polymerization.
 51. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered average chain length.
 52. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch exhibits altered rate of retrogradation.
 53. The method of claim 43, wherein the starch synthase polynucleotide comprises either one of SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 5 or functional derivatives thereof.
 54. The method of claim 43, wherein the plant is Zea mays.
 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the starch exhibits altered granule diameter in the range of 31 mm to 100 mm. 